China Airlines Marketing Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2083 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Marketing Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: China Essay Marketing Strategy Essay Did you like this example? Marketing Strategy China Airlines on Guam CASE SYNOPSIS: This is a case study about how a foreign carrier, China Airlines, adapts it strategy competing in the Guam-based airline industry. The case traces the company’s history on Guam from setting up its regular flight schedule between Guam and Taipei, through a pricing competition with its main competitor Continental Micronesia, to today where it occupies the sole market share of flights between these locations. In addition, the study explains China Airlines approach to its customers through partnerships with hotels and tourism companies in both Taiwan and on Guam; how this business has been affected by immigration regulations; and how it has become a successful carrier on Guam, in spite of failing to reach its initial goal for even being on Guam. Business Background on Guam China Airlines is a foreign aviation corporation with headquarters in Taipei Taiwan. Before 2000, China Airlines only flew charter flights to G uam, with the market here being limited by the requirement that Taiwanese hold American visas to enter Guam. These charter flights, or irregularly scheduled flights specially arranged according to the needs of customers, were more expensive than normal flights, and were held at peak travel times, such as Chinese New Year (which usually is in January or February and lasts about fifteen days), a golden travel time period throughout Asia. In March 2000, the United States passed a visa waiver policy, allowing Taiwanese to come to Guam directly from Taiwan with only a Taiwanese passport and a Taiwanese identification card. The stay period was only valid for 15 days. With this policy in place, more Taiwanese came to Guam for vacation. With this growing tourist market in mind, China Airlines set up regularly scheduled flights between Taipei and Guam twice a week with a capacity of about 150 passengers per flight. When China Airlines began regular flights, its goal was to develop its market in the whole Micronesia area, targeting Guam as its hub to fly to the surrounding islands, and keeping flight capacity small, as the airports around these islands did not ave the infrastructure that would allow large planes to land. However, its main competitor on Guam, Continental Micronesia Airlines, had established a presence in the Micronesia area from the 1970s onward, making it difficult for China Airlines to open flight routes throughout the region. The way China Airlines operated its business was to contract with a global ground aircraft service group named Aircraft International Service Group, which does airplane maintenance, aircraft cleaning service, refueling and passenger check-in. In such a way, China Airlines did not need to recruit an entire team to Guam, thus keeping its operational costs low and allowing it to compete with Continental Micronesia, which also had regular flights between Taipei and Guam. A pricing competition between China Airlines and Conti nental Airlines lasted for about five years to capture the largest share of the Guam market. Both airlines tried to lower their ticket prices to keep their flight routes. As a result, neither of the airlines could make a profit from these flights since they targeted the same group of customers. As a corporation, Continental Micronesia had to give up the market when it could not make a profit anymore according to current chief executive officer of Continental Micronesia Charlie Duncan. Thus Continental terminated its regular flights between Taipei and Guam in October 2005, according to Pacific News Daily. To force Continental Micronesia to terminate its three times weekly regular flight routes between Taipei would be China Airlines’ first marketing strategic achievement even though it lost money during the competition. But as the last airline standing after a pricing competition, they had more pricing flexibility. Sometimes China Airlines is able to sell tickets from Gua m to Taiwan at a cost almost equal to a flight from the United States to Taiwan. Business Development China Airlines maintains its success by working with tourist agents, which are the biggest air tickets resource for both passengers and airlines company since its vacationing passengers are usually looking for a package deal, to include hotel and air tickets, and even activities. Airline companies can do mass sales to the tourist agents at a lower price, but allowing it to maximize its profits in general. China Airlines works closely ith a lot of tourist agents both in Taiwan and Guam. According to China Airlines Guam Branch general manager Norman Wang, flight sales have to be balanced between an outbound and inbound market. When a flight comes in to Guam, which is an inbound flight, its outbound passengers have to reach a certain level of capacity. Otherwise, it will lose money if it flies back to Taiwan below its break-even level. In order to attract more tourist to come to Guam, China Airlines works closely with three tourist companies on Guam, which take care of the arrival passengers while the tourism companies in Taiwan do sales. Due to languages barriers, customer service at the arrival destination is necessary for most Taiwanese. Thus, these three companies are incorporated to take the passengers to check in at hotels and arrange activities as necessary. Regarding the outbound passengers, China Airlines made more effort to work with eleven local tourism companies on Guam since Taiwan is not a very popular tourism destination for local residents. Therefore, these eleven companies only focus on ticket sales or travel packages sales to local residents. Besides that, China Airlines cooperates with hotels directly through bundle packages — hotel plus air tickets — to attract more customers, since most customers want a cheaper rate for both hotel and air tickets. And they even introduced wedding destination catering and Certified Professi onal Accountant services to Taiwan. Through these partnership engagement activities, China Airlines had been doing well after Continental was out of the competition. Moreover, Guam Visitors Bureau was making an effort to promote Guam in Taiwan, starting around 2007, which did help to get more awareness of Guam as a tourism destination in Taiwan. For a while, it was hard for Guam residents to get a ticket to Taiwan, especially local Taiwanese. China Airlines noticed the demand of tickets from the Guam end, and that Guam also increased its awareness in Taiwan. In order to ensure its market is ready for expansion; China Airlines conducted marketing research on both areas through working with tourist agents and local government agencies, as well. Tourist agents from both places indicated that there would be an increased trend in the near future and they were capable to help to increase sales in order to expand the market share. After several conversations between the governments o f both areas, they encouraged and supported China Airlines’ expansion challenge. As a result, China Airlines decided to change its 150 passengers capacity airplane to 300 seats per plane in September 2008, while maintaining a twice-a-week schedule. Larger capacity flights were the second achievement for China Airlines. Since then, China Airlines has maintained a schedule of twice weekly flights at a 300- seat capacity. During busy seasons (Chinese New Year and summer time), it adds more flights temporarily. Business failures Replacement of smaller capacity planes was only one of the methods China Airlines used to increase its market shares and profit margins. China Airlines also tried to increase the frequency of its flights per week in 2008. Its original schedule was only Tuesday and Saturday from Taiwan, and then they changed the schedule to be Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday by adding two more flights a week. When they increased flights, they promoted six days-five nights or five days-four nights bundle packages, hoping to give customers more convenient options. However, it turned out to be a failure due to customer behavior changes (or group pattern change). The passengers either stayed longer or shorter, as a result, all the passengers chose the same flight while leave the other two schedules more vacant. In the end, they changed the flight schedule back to its twice-weekly schedule. Another way to increase market share is to explore potential markets. China Airlines never forgot its main goal on Guam, which was to set up Guam as a hub to the Micronesian region. Saipan to Guam and Rota to Guam routes are operated by Cape Airlines, which forged a partnership with Continental Micronesia. China Airlines tried to explore ways to incorporate with Continental Micronesia based on the model of Cape Airlines and Continental Micronesia. However, China Airlines was turned down. Uncertain opportunity A lot of business people are looking at the mi litary buildup on Guam as an opportunity. As for China Airlines, according to Wang, they are not sure if this is going to favor them since the military buildup has been delayed. He explained that first of all, the military are not going to Taiwan for travel: whenever they have a vacation, they will choose to go home first. And if they want to travel around Asia, Taiwan is usually the last destination they consider, he said. The only possible benefit the military buildup may offer to China Airlines is that it may attract more business investors to come to Guam time to time to do business research while seeking a chance to set up business here. But if it is delayed longer, there will also be fewer investors coming to Guam. Future Challenges China Airlines is facing some challenges now. According to Wang, the Taiwanese population on Guam has decreased, and these are its main customers on Guam. In order to balance the inbound and outbound passengers, they need to make more of an e ffort to maintain or even increase Guam’s market share. But who they should target and how is still uncertain. China Airlines has tried hard to work with the community on Guam in order to get more public awareness. They have approached Naval Base Guam, Andersen Air Force Base, and the Chinese and Guam chambers of commerce, through social activities. But the result of these efforts is not appreciable. In addition, the United States extended its Taiwanese Visa Waiver stay period to 45 days in November 2009, which also allows them to visit the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands during the time. This policy reduces China Airlines’ business, instead of bringing in more customers. Wang explained that under the two-week stay policy, some frequent-flying businessmen could not complete their work in such a limited time period and had to buy another ticket to come in again. But now, they can save one trip at least. Moreover, even though China Airlines occupies th e market between these two destinations, its ticket prices are still expensive for the Taiwanese, who are the main customer resource to China Airlines. Thus it is challenge for China Airlines to set price to maximize profits. SWOT Analysis Strength: Today China Airlines is the only carrier with regular flights between Guam and Taiwan, which gives it more flexibility to set prices. Guam is an American territory with beaches, plus a visa waiver policy to Taiwan, thus attracting many Taiwanese tourists. Weakness: Guam to Taipei is the only flight route China Airlines has in the region, which limits its market shares and profits margins. Whenever China Airlines tries to increase flights schedule between these two destinations, overhead cost exceeds its profits, which limits China Airlines’ expansion. Moreover, with Continentals Micronesia pre-occupancy in Micronesia area, it makes it harder for China Airlines to expand its market. Meanwhile, Guam government needs to improve it s public facilities, such as public restrooms, which are locked sometimes, and public transportation, which does not provide comfortable seats or consistent schedules. Opportunity: China Airlines hopes the military buildup can bring more Taiwan investors to come to Guam while the investors will commute more frequently between these two destinations. Threat: Guam Visitors Bureau (GVB) usually has a certain of budget for promoting Guam in different countries. Currently, GVB has allocated more of its budget to promote Guam in China and is focusing efforts there. Thus, GVB will decrease its budget to promote Guam in Taiwan. As a result, it affects China Airlines business directly. Overall, China Airlines made profits between these two destinations even though they failed to expand its market shares in the Micronesia area. However, China Airlines has successfully adjusted its marketing strategies based on its competitors, market demands and political elements between these two dest inations. Even though China Airlines is a leader between these two places, they still try to seek more opportunities to realize its initial goal on Guam. Reference Daleno, G. (September 17, 2005). Taiwan flights to be cut, Retrieved on October 26, 2010 from Pacific Daily News Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "China Airlines Marketing Strategy" essay for you Create order

The Importance Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1054 Words

The civil rights movement come into being in the middle of the twentieth century. The push came from African Americans who did not get the same rights as the whites such as equal access to public amenities, equal chances in education, job recruitment and housing, the right to vote and freedom from racial discrimination. The movement was fighting to bring back the right of citizenship to the African Americans after its erosion by segregationist jim crow law. It further led to the reemergence of the judiciary as a defender of personal liberties against the power of the majority. Over time, the movement benefits not only the African Americans but also women, the disabled and other needy groups. Rosa Parks, a secretary to the national†¦show more content†¦She went ahead to develop Citizenship schools as a strategy in motivating southern blacks by conducting rallies for registration of voters and literacy. The schools primary achievement was training more than twenty-five thousand people and registration of black voters in the South. Pauli Murray could not get admission in the University of North Carolina and Harvard because she was an African American female. Consequently, obtained an arrest for going against the bus seating arrangements where blacks sat separately from the whites. Murray was among the organizers of the pure blacks march on of the Washington Movement. During her years as a law student, she was a participant in the debate for the Brown decision. In addition to that, history attributes her to developing the constitutional argument to educate activists on peaceful civil defiance to complain about Jim Crow practices. 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Application of System Dynamics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Application of System Dynamics. Answer: Introduction: The health department system works with various doctors, nurses and staffs working for providing healthcare services and advices to the customer. The increase in the number of patients and frequency of services has made the services more complex and critical to accommodate in the existing location. Due to the smaller size of the exiting location, the healthcare services were not able to provide efficiently treatments to the increased patient base. The waiting time of the patients has increased significantly. Therefore, moving to a new location with greater space would allow the healthcare services department to hire and accommodate more employees for treating more patients within less time. The project revolves around the relocation of the staffs and health information service department to a new location. Therefore, the relocation of the health information services relocated the services, information system, personnel to a new location for enhancing the effectiveness of the health i nformation services. Stakeholders are identified as the group of persons that are directly or indirectly involved with the relocation of the healthcare information service department to a new location. In this project, the major stakeholders includes the authorities of healthcare department, the patients, doctors, nurses, project manager, architect, interior designer, staffs, and electricians. The Responsibility Matrix WBS Activity Name authorities of healthcare department project manager architect interior designer staffs electricians 1 start project 2 project initiation phase 2.1 meeting with the client A R 2.2 identify the relocation requirement A R 2.3 project charter 2.3.1 develop project charter R 2.3.2 obtain approval of the client A R 3 project planning phase 3.1 develop planning for relocating the department I R C 3.2 develop the project budget I R 3.3 develop plan for completing the relocation I R C I 3.4 procure the project A R 3.5 new location plan 3.5.1 determine the patient base A R 3.5.2 identify the physical structure of the new site C R 3.5.3 select new office location 3.5.4 lease the new location A R 3.5.5 obtain agreement A R 3.5.6 develop architectural design C R 4 project execution phase 4.1 develop the architectural module 4.1.1 develop space for office C R 4.1.2 cubicles C R 4.1.3 receptions C R 4.1.4 medical rooms C R 4.2 complete interior design C R 4.3 include medical equipment C I R 4.4 implement cabling C C I R 4.5 electrical services C C I R 4.6 telephone services C C I R 4.7 packing from the existing location I C R 4.8 unpacking to the new location I C R 4.9 finalize the relocation date C R I I I I 5 project closure phase 5.1 inform the employees R 5.2 inform the customers R 5.3 open the new location of the health department A R 5.4 sign off of the team members C R 6 stop project R In the above table, R = Responsible, A = Accountable, C = Consulted, I = Informed For the relocation of the healthcare information service department, the cost, quality, scope and time has been considered as the major constraints. The relocation of the department needs to ensure all the scope has been completed within the allocated time and budget while ensuring the quality and standard of the project. The following are the assumptions developed for the relocation of the health information service department are illustrated in the section below: The relocation of the department needs to completed within the allocated time of 2.5 months; The data from the existing location of the department has already been backed up by the employees; The healthcare authorities have provided with the financial amount required for the relocation of the department to the new location; Communication Plan Who What Why When How Authorities Of Healthcare Department Approving and reviewing the project plan and relocation. Modification in the plan regarding the budget and schedule Once a week Formal meeting Project Manager Developing the project budget, schedule, cost and managing the progress. Issues faced during the relocation of the department Whenever required Verbal communication, meetings emails and telephone Architect Developing the renovation plan and architecture of the new location. Changes or modification of the architectural design of the new location. Whenever required Verbal communication, meetings emails and telephone Interior Designer Developing the design for the rooms, cubicles and interior design of the new location. Changes or issue faced regarding the developer of the interior design. During the implementation phase Verbal communication, meetings emails and telephone Staffs Carrying out the relocation staffs and completing the relocation. For informing about any changes required during the project. Once a day Verbal communication, and meetings Electricians Providing the electrical connection and telephonic line in the new building location. Informing about any modification and changes made in the plan. Whenever required Verbal communication, meetings and telephone For measuring the success of the relocation of the health information service department, the following criteria need to be measured and obtained: The opening of the new location has been done on the scheduled data; The project has successfully relocated the medical equipments from the existing location to the new one; The relocation of the project has been completed within the allocated time and budget provided; A Breakdown of the Activity (WBS) WBS Task Name Start Date End Date Resource Duration Dependencies 1 start project 08/21/17 08/21/17 0 2 project initiation phase 08/21/17 08/28/17 6d 2.1 meeting with the client 08/21/17 08/21/17 Project Manager 1d 1 2.2 identify the relocation requirement 08/22/17 08/23/17 Project Manager 2d 3 2.3 project charter 08/24/17 08/28/17 3d 2.3.1 develop project charter 08/24/17 08/25/17 Project Manager 2d 4 2.3.2 obtain approval of the client 08/28/17 08/28/17 Project Manager 1d 6 3 project planning phase 08/29/17 09/14/17 13d 3.1 develop planning for relocating the department 08/29/17 08/31/17 Project Manager 3d 7 3.2 develop the project budget 08/29/17 08/29/17 Project Manager 1d 7 3.3 develop plan for completing the relocation 08/29/17 09/01/17 Project Manager 4d 7 3.4 procure the project 09/04/17 09/04/17 Project Manager 1d 9, 10, 11 3.5 new location plan 09/05/17 09/14/17 8d 3.5.1 determine the patient base 09/05/17 09/05/17 Project Manager 1d 12 3.5.2 identify the physical structure of the new site 09/05/17 09/06/17 architect 2d 12 3.5.3 select new office location 09/07/17 09/11/17 3d 3.5.4 lease the new location 09/07/17 09/08/17 Project Manager 2d 14, 15 3.5.5 obtain agreement 09/11/17 09/11/17 Project Manager 1d 17 3.5.6 develop architectural design 09/12/17 09/14/17 architect 3d 18 4 project execution phase 09/15/17 10/23/17 27d 4.1 develop the architectural module 09/15/17 09/27/17 9d 4.1.1 develop space for office 09/15/17 09/25/17 architect 7d 19 4.1.2 cubicles 09/15/17 09/20/17 architect 4d 19 4.1.3 receptions 09/15/17 09/21/17 architect 5d 19 4.1.4 medical rooms 09/15/17 09/27/17 architect 9d 19 4.2 complete interior design 09/28/17 10/05/17 interior designer 6d 22, 23, 24, 25 4.3 include medical equipment 10/06/17 10/10/17 staffs 3d 26 4.4 implement cabling 10/11/17 10/12/17 Electricians 2d 27 4.5 electrical services 10/11/17 10/13/17 Electricians 3d 27 4.6 telephone services 10/11/17 10/11/17 Electricians 1d 27 4.7 packing from the existing location 10/16/17 10/17/17 staffs 2d 28, 29, 30 4.8 unpacking to the new location 10/18/17 10/20/17 staffs 3d 31 4.9 finalize the relocation date 10/23/17 10/23/17 Project Manager 1d 32 5 project closure phase 10/24/17 10/26/17 3d 5.1 inform the employees 10/24/17 10/24/17 Project Manager 1d 33 5.2 inform the customers 10/24/17 10/24/17 Project Manager 1d 33 5.3 open the new location of the health department 10/25/17 10/25/17 Project Manager 1d 35, 36 5.4 sign off of the team members 10/26/17 10/26/17 Project Manager 1d 37 6 stop project 10/26/17 10/26/17 Project Manager 0 38 Identify the Project Objectives The objectives of the relocation project are: To select an appropriate location for relocating the existing health information service department; To efficiently relocate the department to a new location; To select an appropriate location for relocating the health information services department; To select an appropriate date for opening the new date for reopening the health information system; To provide complete interior design of the new location; To inform the employees and customer about the new location of health information service department; To ensure packing and unpacking of the devices, equipments and other hardware from the existing location to the new location; The out-scope of the project includes: The transportation of the employees from the existing location to the new location is not included within the project; To clean up the existing departmental location is also out of scope of the project; List all Critical Project Deliverables The critical deliverables of the relocation of the health information service department includes the following: WBS Task Name 2 project initiation phase 2.1 meeting with the client 2.3 project charter 2.3.1 develop project charter 3.2 develop the project budget 3.4 procure the project 3.5.2 identify the physical structure of the new site 3.5.4 lease the new location 3.5.5 obtain agreement 3.5.6 develop architectural design 4.1.4 medical rooms 4.2 complete interior design 4.3 include medical equipment 4.5 electrical services 4.7 packing from the existing location 4.8 unpacking to the new location 4.9 finalize the relocation date 5.1 inform the employees 5.2 inform the customers 5.3 open the new location of the health department 5.4 sign off of the team members Risk Management Plan Risk Profile: In this section the potential risks that could occur during the project are identified and illustrated in the section below: Deadline Risk: The relocation of the department has been delayed due to unavailability of appropriate location for shifting. Budget Risk: The relocation activities and the selection of the appropriate new location for the department have exceeded the budget allocated by the authorities. Quality Risk: The relocation activities failed to relocate the hardware and medical element from the existing location to the new locations. In addition to that, the new location fails to provide detailed space required for health information service department. Personnel Risk: The staffs or electricians fail to work in the project due to significant health issues. This has delayed the recollection project. Security Issues: During the relocation of the all the files, documents and computers from the existing location to the new locations, the files and patients information were lost and misplaced. Risk Id Risk Risk Impact Likelihood of Risk Reference cell R1 Deadline Risk Lost Time Likely C3 R2 Budget Risk Major Moderate B4 R3 Quality Risk Major Unlikely A4 R4 Personnel Risk Trivial Moderate B1 R5 Security Issues Major Moderate B4 Mechanism of Risk Control: The contingency plan developed for each of the identified risk for the relocation of the healthcare information service department is illustrated in the section below: Deadline Risk: The project manager and the authorities of thee healthcare information service department needs to conduct a preliminary study about the location that would be most suitable for relocation. Budget Risk: The project manager needs to review the plan and concern with the healthcare authorizes before approving the location and leasing the selected new location with high budget. Quality Risk: The project manager needs to review the existing department and evaluate the operation followed by the healthcare information service department. In addition to that, the project plan should be reviewed and approved the authorities of the department for ensuring the quality. Personnel Risk: Before hiring the personnel for the relocation to the new location, the project manager needs to ensure the availability of the personnel during the required work for the project. Security Issue: The project manager needs to recover all the files and reenter all the medial information of the patients for the database and computers installed in the new location. The control strategy for the identified risks has been illustrated in the section below: Deadline Risk: The remaining activities need to be rescheduled within the remaining time for completing the relocation within allocated time. Budget Risk: The remaining activities for the relocation need to be developed within the remaining budget for the project. Quality Risk: The project manager needs to change and modify the plan, interior design and architecture of the new location based on the requirement of the department. Personnel Risk: The project manager needs to hire new personnel for ensuring the progress of the relocation project and to complete the project within deadline. Security Risks: The project manager and the authorities of the healthcare organization need to inform the employees to back up their personal data from the computers. Further before packing up the data from the existing location, high caution needs to be taken while backing up the database. Risk Management Template Risk Id Risk Risk Impact Likelihood of Risk Severity of Consequences Level of Risk Mitigation Contingency Plan Risk Owner Date Logged Date of review R1 Deadline Risk: The relocation of the department has been delayed due to unavailability of appropriate location for shifting. Lost Time Likely High Medium The remaining activities need to be rescheduled within the remaining time for completing the relocation within allocated time. The project manager and the authorities of thee healthcare information service department needs to conduct a preliminary study about the location that would be most suitable for relocation. Project Manager 9/7/2017 9/08/2017 R2 Budget Risk: The relocation activities and the selection of the appropriate new location for the department have exceeded the budget allocated by the authorities. Major Moderate High Medium The remaining activities for the relocation need to be developed within the remaining budget for the project. The project manager needs to review the plan and concern with the healthcare authorizes before approving the location and leasing the selected new location with high budget. Project Manager 9/12/2017 9/13/2017 R3 Quality Risk: The relocation activities failed to relocate the hardware and medical element from the existing location to the new locations. In addition to that, the new location fails to provide detailed space required for health information service department. Major Unlikely Low Low The project manager needs to change and modify the plan, interior design and architecture of the new location based on the requirement of the department. The project manager needs to review the existing department and evaluate the operation followed by the healthcare information service department. In addition to that, the project plan should be reviewed and approved the authorities of the department for ensuring the quality. Project Manager 9/15/2017 9/15/2017 R4 Personnel Risk: The staffs or electricians fail to work in the project due to significant health issues. This has delayed the recollection project. Trivial Moderate Low Low The project manager needs to hire new personnel for ensuring the progress of the relocation project and to complete the project within deadline. Before hiring the personnel for the relocation to the new location, the project manager needs to ensure the availability of the personnel during the required work for the project. Project Manager 9/25/2017 9/26/2017 R5 Security Issues: During the relocation of the all the files, documents and computers from the existing location to the new locations, the files and patients information were lost and misplaced. Major Moderate High High The project manager needs to recover all the files and reenter all the medial information of the patients for the database and computers installed in the new location. The project manager and the authorities of the healthcare organization need to inform the employees to back up their personal data from the computers. Further before packing up the data from the existing location, high caution needs to be taken while backing up the database. Project Manager 10/12/2017 10/12/2017 Bibliography Bourdeau, S. and Barki, H., 2013. Toward a typological theory of information system project team management styles. In8th Pre-ICIS International Research Workshop on Information Technology Project Management (IRWITPM 2013)(p. 125). Bresnen, M., 2016. Institutional development, divergence and change in the discipline of project management.International journal of project management,34(2), pp.328-338. Chen, F., Nunamaker, J.F., Briggs, R.O., Corbitt, G., Sager, J. and Gardiner, S.C., 2014. An application of focus theory to project management processes.Group Decision and Negotiation,23(5), p.961. Conforto, E.C., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L., Di Felippo, A. and Kamikawachi, D.S.L., 2016. The agility construct on project management theory.International Journal of Project Management,34(4), pp.660-674. Eskerod, P., Huemann, M. and Ringhofer, C., 2015. Stakeholder inclusiveness: Enriching project management with general stakeholder theory.Project Management Journal,46(6), pp.42-53. Flyvbjerg, B., 2013. Quality control and due diligence in project management: Getting decisions right by taking the outside view. International Journal of Project Management, 31(5), pp.760-774. Ford, D.N. and Lyneis, J.M., 2013. The Application of System Dynamics to Project ManagementIntroduction to the Virtual Issue of System Dynamics Review. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), pp.794-803. Midler, C., Killen, C.P. and Kock, A., 2016. Project and Innovation Management: Bridging Contemporary Trends in Theory and Practice.Project Management Journal,47(2), pp.3-7. Niknazar, P. and Bourgault, M., 2017. Theories for classification vs. classification as theory: Implications of classification and typology for the development of project management theories.International Journal of Project Management,35(2), pp.191-203. Pitsis, T.S., Sankaran, S., Gudergan, S. and Clegg, S.R., 2014. Governing projects under complexity: theory and practice in project management.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1285-1290. Riol, H. and Thuillier, D., 2015. Project management for academic research projects: balancing sRisk Management Templatetructure and flexibility.International Journal of Project Organisation and Management,7(3), pp.251-269. Sderlund, J. and Mller, R., 2014. Project management and organization theory: IRNOP Meets PMJ.Project Management Journal,45(4), pp.2-6. Staley, M., 2016. Advancing the Theory and Practice of Engineering Project Management by addressing the issue of CPI Stability and Hidden Project Performance. Svejvig, P. and Andersen, P., 2015. Rethinking project management: A structured literature review with a critical look at the brave new world.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.278-290. Todorovi?, M.L., Petrovi?, D.?., Mihi?, M.M., Obradovi?, V.L. and Bushuyev, S.D., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management,33(4), pp.772-783. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons.

Philadelphia Prejudice about Homosexuality

Philadelphia is one of those movies that can change human attitude to a certain situation, other people, and even the essence of this life. The problems, people with AIDS face in their every day life, prejudice against homosexuals and their style of life, and injustice that is so inherent to current political, economical, and social spheres are the major issues that are properly described in this movie and that open people’s eyes to all those minor problems, people may create to each other unwittingly. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philadelphia: Prejudice about Homosexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Joe Miller is one of the main characters in the movie Philadelphia, who proves how prejudiced people can be, and how significant their points of view may be for gay people, for establishing justice, and for development of feelings and qualities, which have to be inherent to any person. Joe Millerâ⠂¬â„¢s prejudice against homosexuals and people with AIDS is considered to be one of the major themes in the movie Philadelphia; the cooperation with Andrew Beckett, a HIV-diagnosed gay, makes Mr. Miller change his mind and believe that justice should not depend on the color of skin, sexual preferences, or health conditions, and the relations between people and different groups should not be prejudiced in order to achieve effective communication and collaboration. Philadelphia is the movie that touches upon numerous themes, and one of them is the development of the relations between two men with absolutely different interests and principles: one of them is Andrew Beckett, who had to defend own position and interests at the court, and Joe Miller, a brilliant lawyer and a homophobic man, who knows not much about AIDS but is still afraid of this disease. In fact, the causes of Joe Miller’s homophobia are not clear enough. From the very first meeting of Mr. Miller and Mr. Becket t, it becomes clear that Mr. Miller is a powerful lawyer, but his dislike and prejudice for gay people, who have HIV-positive, stands on his way in order to establish justice and help the person, who so loudly requires for help. Joe Miller thinks that Andrew is even craze a bit because he wants to prove his position and argue each person, who stands on his way. I find the words by Elliot Aronson rather appropriate for the movie under consideration. â€Å"People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy† (Aronson 9). Human position in the society usually defines by his/her communication with other member of the same groups, his/her following the established rules, and his/her abilities to prove the chosen way of life. Joe Miller cannot accept the idea that a gay person, who has HIV positive, is going to argue with people with normal orientation and no health problems. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So, his prejudice confuses his for a while and makes him see how injustice and unfair other people’s attitude to an ill gay may be in every day life. This is why Joe decides to forget about his principles concerning gay people with HIV/AIDS and put the idea of justice and the idea of right attitude to each citizen on the first place. Communication with Andrew Beckett, who is dying because of AIDS, changes Joe Miller’s attitude to numerous things. On my opinion, only some slight changes inside of Joe Miller concerning the issue of homosexuality take place. Andrew opens his eye to certain things and proves that gay people do not actually differ from the others and even have more captivating attitude to some things: Can you hear the heartache in her voice? Can you feel it, Joe? In come the strings, and it changes everything. The music fills with a hope, and that’ll change again. Listen†¦listen†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I bring sorrow to t hose who love me.† Oh, that single cello! â€Å"It was during this sorrow that love came to me.† A voice filled with harmony. It says, â€Å"Live still, I am life.† Heaven is in your eyes. Is everything around you just the blood and mud? I am divine. I am oblivion. I am the god†¦ that comes down from the heavens, and makes of the Earth a heaven. I am love!†¦ I am love. (Demme 1993) Andrew comprehends that Joe is eager to protect everything that does not contradict the law, and being homosexual is not out of law, this is why everybody has to respect Andrew’s choice and not to prevent his professional growth, and Joe is going to prove this. Somewhere inside, Joe realizes that his prejudice against gay people and his fear about HIV are so miserable and stupid that he has to be changed. For example, the experiments, conducted by Lauren Slater, prove that even gay people can be ashamed of personal desires and sexuality. â€Å"I felt in my body, the shame of being gay. Why couldn’t I like a girl?† (Slater 59). Lots of people have fear about personal desires, this is why it is quite comprehensible that people with non-traditional orientation may cause fear or doubts in people with normal orientation. Human life is closely connected to stereotypes, which are created by these humans. Philadelphia demonstrates how a stereotype of homosexuality and the inability to accept gay people as important and equal parts of society deprives a person, who is dying, of a chance to enjoy his last days but spend these days at the court and prove that he and his work has to be appreciated by the others. This movie has to be considered as a really powerful means to show and analyze the relations between people of the same group. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philadelphia: Prejudice about Homosexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Feelings of one person may be too influential for the other person, and if these feelings or ideas are wrong, it turns out to be very dangerous to share wrong thoughts and wrong feelings. According to Elliot Aronson, only public judgments make a person conform them (p.21). Joe’s life is full of such judgments, because he spends much time on public and tries to take into consideration both personal judgments and the judgments of other people. When he starts communicating with Andrew, he comprehends that prejudice, that is so inherent to this society, cannot leave him even in the article of death. Gay people cannot be accepted as equal parts as well as black people always feel a kind of pressure from the whites. Mr. Elliot underlines that the pressure to conform plays an important role in human lives, and if it is public, people have less chances to resist it. This movie represents one of the possible ways of how to eliminate prejudice and become closer to the problems, challenges, and misunderstandings of the minorities. Communication with the minorities turns out to be a good chance to learn deeper how it is difficult and offensive to take the side that is always argued by people and blamed for absolutely different things. Elliot Aronson offers to decrease the conformity that has unbelievable power on publicity by means of creation allies, demonstration of self-esteem, use of previous success, support of friends and relatives, and respect among the group. In the movie, prejudice is eliminated due to self-esteem that is demonstrated by Joe, support of family, when Joe’s wife reminds him about their roots and the problems, their relatives faced in the past, and the desire to obtain the truth. It is not enough for a person to know what is right and what is wrong. It becomes more important to prove the correctness of the chosen position and the chosen point of view. This is what Elliot Aronson tries to represent in his work, and this is what makes the movie under analysis m ore powerful and educative. The theory of cognitive dissonance is another peculiar point that has to be mentioned while analyzing the movie Philadelphia and the character of Joe Miller in particular. This theory implies the development of an uncomfortable feeling that is caused by presence of two absolutely different ideas within one person. Joe Miller always believes that gay people cannot bring something good to this world. â€Å"Call me old fashioned, call me conservative†¦ I think maybe you have to be a man to get just how nauseating the whole basic idea really is† (Demme 1993). Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also has a fear of getting HIV by means of communicating with sick people. With time, Miller gets a chance to evaluate gays’ place in this world from the absolutely other perspective and regard them as one more minority just like his race belonging. Miller does not need too much time in order to comprehend that gays should have the same rights as people with normal orientation, because they are still people and deserve to achieve professional goals, earn money, and be an equal part of this world. Joe Miller from Philadelphia is a good example of how one person with certain authority can help a group of people to gain respect and recognition among society. Not every country appreciates homosexual movements, but still, it is wrong to deprive gay people of the opportunities, which are inherent to each person on this world. To comprehend better social psychology means to comprehend better each of its components and the impact of these components to each other. Philadelphia he lps to deepen my understanding of how ill or gay people are accepted by people, who do not have any problems with their health or who believe that their sexuality is ok. Relations between people and the groups, they live in, are not easy, and it is obligatory to study, analyze, and compare the attitude and the reaction of each human. It is useless to divide the abilities of one group of people at the expenses of the other group of people, because sooner or later, justice will find everyone. Works Cited Aronson, Elliot. The Social Animal. New York: Worth, 1999. Print. Philadelphia. Dir. Jonathan Demme. Perf. Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington. TriStar Pictures, 1993. Film. Slater, Lauren. Opening Skinner’s Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century. New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc., 2004. Print. This essay on Philadelphia: Prejudice about Homosexuality was written and submitted by user White Wolf to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog 3 Tips to Overcome TestAnxiety

3 Tips to Overcome TestAnxiety For many of you end of year finals are here, or if not, theyre lurking behind the next corner. If this thought makes your stomach drop or your  palms sweat, we have some helpful tips for working past your test anxiety and getting the grade you deserve. Read on, and good luck! Its time for that final push before the end of another school year. Whatever form they might take SATs, ACTs, midterms or finals exams are just around the corner, and no matter how well youve prepared you  still  get those test-day jitters. If this sounds like you, dont fear! Here are three study tips to help you calm your nerves before your next test or exam Dont cram before your test. You should begin studying for your exam well in advance of D-Day. Some review the night before is wise, but leaving your studying until the last minute can turn any nervous test taker into a nervous wreck. Instead, finish early the night before and move on to the next step below.   Practice meditation. You dont have to be a yogi to meditate; meditation is simply the act of clearing the mind of external, nagging thoughts. You probably practice meditation throughout the day without even realizing it! Now try it consciously by breathing deeply, relaxing your body one muscle at a time, and emptying your thoughts of exam stress.  A recent study  also shows the positive effect meditation can have on grades, which means this tactic can not only help you to relax, but to actually improve your score as well. For help with how to relax your body and empty your mind, try listening to  this guided meditation  specifically for students. Follow these steps the night before your exam and not only will you have a great nights sleep, but youll be calm and set for your big test too. During your test its easy for nerves to give way to panic. But if you go down that route, you could spend half your time fretting over questions instead of actually answering them. Try to keep yourself grounded in the exam itself by focusing your concentration on one question at a time. To build up your confidence, you may want to answer easier questions first before moving on to more difficult ones. And of course, begin your exam by skimming through as much of the test packet as youre permitted to. This will give you a good idea of how to manage your time wisely. And if it gets tough, remember: just breathe. You know the material, so dont let shaky nerves hold you back from the grade you deserve! Here are five more quick tips and tricks to remember on test day: Dont worry about how quickly other people finish their tests, and dont be afraid to take your time. Rushing isnt necessarily a sign of competence. Taking a Math or Science test? Write down important formulas you may need to remember during the test in a margin. For tests in other subjects you can also use this trick for important dates or definitions that are easy to forget. Exercise in the days leading up to your exams to reduce stress. Dont forget to read the directions for every test section before you begin! Show up to the test site early so you dont have to stress about possibly being late. Good luck with finals!

5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions 5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions 5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions By Mark Nichol Prepositions, words that indicate relations between nouns, pronouns, and verbs (mostly small ones like for, in, of, on, to, and with but sometimes more substantial, as in the case of beneath or between), are often integral to a sentence, but writers can clutter sentences by being overly dependent on them. Here are five strategies for minimizing the number of prepositions you use: 1. Eliminate Prepositions by Using Active Voice Shifting from passive voice to active voice, as in the revision of â€Å"The watch was obviously designed by a master craftsman† to â€Å"A master craftsman had obviously designed the watch† takes a preposition out of action. (But take care that the inversion of the sentence structure doesn’t incorrectly shift emphasis or diminish dramatic effect.) 2. Substitute an Adverb for a Prepositional Phrase In the writer’s toolbox, adverbs are stronger tools than prepositional phrases. Revision of the sentence â€Å"The politician responded to the allegations with vehemence† to â€Å"The politician responded vehemently to the allegations† strengthens the thought and deletes the weak preposition with. 3. Use a Genitive in Place of a Prepositional Phrase An easy test to help reduce the number of prepositions is to search for the genitive case, or a possessive form: If a sentence could use the genitive case but doesn’t, revise the sentence. For example, â€Å"She was disturbed by the violent images in the movie† gains more impact (and loses a preposition) by reversing the sentence’s subject and object: â€Å"She was disturbed by the movie’s violent images.† (Combine this strategy with a shift from passive voice to active voice, and you jettison two prepositions and further strengthen the statement: â€Å"The movie’s violent images disturbed her.†) Another use of this technique is to revise a phrase including a reference to a location within a location, as in â€Å"the Museum of Modern Art in New York City,† which can be more actively and efficiently rendered as â€Å"New York City’s Museum of Modern Art.† 4. Omit Prepositions by Eliminating Nominalizations Writers and editors aid clarity and conciseness by uncovering nominalizations, otherwise known as buried, or smothered, verbs. In doing so, they also negate the need for a preposition. For example, the sentence â€Å"Their attempt to provide a justification of the expense was unsuccessful,† simplified to â€Å"Their attempt to justify the expense was unsuccessful,† not only transforms the verb+article+nominalization clump â€Å"provide a justification† into the streamlined verb justify but also makes of unnecessary. (I originally wrote â€Å"but also makes the use of of unnecessary,† but then deleted the superfluous phrase â€Å"the use of† and thereby deleted a preposition.) 5. Delete Prepositional Phrases Prepositional phrases (preposition+article+noun) provide context, but they’re not always necessary. In a sentence like â€Å"The best outcome for this scenario would be an incremental withdrawal,† note whether the meaning is clear without the phrase, and if so, strike it out: â€Å"The best outcome would be an incremental withdrawal.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Dawned vs. DonnedEach vs. Both

Training and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Training and Development - Essay Example It contributes greatly in the future of any business concerning with its performance as well as its productivity. This paper highlights the challenges of identifying training needs and importance of clear and measurable objectives. Moreover this paper also entails the role of adult learning principles in time of planning implementation strategies and the impact of workplace environment on the transfer of training. The Challenges of Identifying Training Needs In this essay, it is clear that the related case studies i.e. ‘Developing a training package at Westcan’ and ‘Meeting organisational politics’ demonstrated certain challenges related with identifying the training needs. The challenges of identifying training needs of related the cases are as follows: Lack of Training Packages As per the case studies, the one of the major challenges related with identifying the training needs can be attributed with the lack of training packages. In relation to the case ‘Developing a training package at Westcan,’ it has been identified that although the managers were enthusiastic about the training but due to the lack of adequate funds with Westcan Hydraulics, it was not possible for to offer training to the managers. Correspondingly, it can be argued that without adequate funds, it is quite difficult to identify and assess the training needs (Blanchard & Thacker, 2007). ... Hence, such inability of top level managers can be considered as another challenge in the course of assessing the training needs (Blanchard & Thacker, 2007). Decision Makers In the case of ‘Meeting organisational politics,’ it can found that an John a professional working in the department of training proposed for interpersonal skill program for the section manager to develop interpersonal relationship but no one in the organisation take a vast decision for this program. Hence, lack of decision making initiatives also serves as a serious challenge for the assessing the training needs (Delahaye, 2011). Support of Management The most important challenge of identifying training needs can be associated with the degree of support from the management. Without proper support from the management, it is relatively difficult to identify the training needs. Similarly, the analysis of the case ‘Meeting organisational politics,’ it was found that when John asked the mana gement about the development programs in interpersonal relations for the section manager, the assistant director was reluctant to support the program which acted as a barrier for undertaking proper training need assessment (Delahaye, 2011). The Importance of Clear and Measurable Objectives It has been ascertained from the analysis of the case i.e. ‘A training experience’ that clear and measurable objective of the training and development objectives is essential requirement attaining favourable outcome. It has been identified that clear and measurable training and development objectives facilitates organisation to design its training program in the most influential manner (Clifford & Thorpe, 2007). Reduces Training and Recruitment Costs Another importance of clear and measurable

Gregory of Nyssa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gregory of Nyssa - Research Paper Example Gregory was born in a saintly family, during A.D. 335, being the third son, with two brothers and three sisters. He was the younger brother of the great St. Basil. As he got his education at home, he did not have much interaction with the outside world, during his early years. While he visited the Chapel for the Mother’s Convent, to attend to the services conducted in honor of ‘Forty Martyrs of Sebaste’, he got a dream where the martyrs ridiculed him for not getting baptized. Accordingly, he agreed for the baptization, at his adult age, and determined to become a reader also. Gregory followed the profession of teaching, before finally joining the monastery in Pontus, as his brother and friend Gregory of Nazianzus pursued him to do so. While reading the Holy Scriptures, he also wrote many descriptions about the natural beauty. Bishop of Nyssa Gregory was appointed Bishop of Nyssa in A.D. 370. However, he faced difficulties, as he believed in Orthodox faith. In addi tion, due to his defense of ‘The Holy Trinity and the Incarnation’, Arian and Sabellian authorities targeted him. The prosecution sent him summons to appear before the Synod of Ancyra, for misuse of church funds and being improperly ordained. He got very upset with such allegations and fell ill. His brother Basil made efforts to clean his tarnished image and was successful in getting the Synod of Bishops declare him innocent, as he was not fit to travel to Ancyra for attending the trial. However, his opponent arranged for trial at Nyssa, while Gregory refused to attend it. Finally, he was banished and deposed in the year 376. He had to change his residency many times, as he was subjected to harassment and cruelty at many places, which resulted in his despondency. However, the death of Emperor Valens in 378 changed his fortunes as the succeeding Emperor declared that all orthodox bishops must be allowed to return to their positions. Gregory went back to Nyssa and was wel comed there. Gregory succeeds Basil After the death of his brother Basil, whose funeral was preached by Gregory, he succeeding Basil and followed the Nicene Faith vigorously. Later he went on pilgrimage to Arabia, Babylon and Jerusalem, as the Emperor provided him the required carriages. Gregory’s death He died in the year A.D. 395. However, his legacy as the aggressive defender of Orthodox Faith and great teacher earned him acclaim as ‘Father of Fathers’ and ‘Star of Nyssa’. His faith in all religions and unknown destiny is expressed in his words,†all religious truth consists in mystery†.(Heroes of Fourth Century) Life of Moses The book is a treasure for Christians, as it deals with the virtue and perfection detailed in Christianity. This fourth century scripture by Gregory of Nyssa was originally written in Greek. English and French translations of this book are available today. As the book has two parts, first part details the ‘h istory of Moses’ in 77 paragraphs and the second part deals with the ‘contemplation on life of Moses’, in 321 paragraphs. Explaining a few excerpts The book has referred to verbal roots, as showing affection or having a friend. This has been mentioned in the book as a meditating tool to overcome physical and mental struggle. Another excerpt is regarding ‘Horses are eager to run’. This refers to the human nature of being over-zealous and always busy like winning in a racecourse. (The life of Moses) Referring to a child being given an ark, it details that the ‘ark’ is for crossing the stream safely. The ‘ark’ is the education that the child must have to fight the challenges of life, as it holds the child above the waves of the stream. Virtue is the ‘ark’ shaped carriage for human beings to fight the struggles and it can be acquired through education and patience. (The life of Moses) Contributions in spirituality G regory of Nyssa has contributed to the Christianity in giving us the holy script called, ‘

The trend today among youths Essay Example for Free

The trend today among youths Essay Question 2: The trend today among youths is to own the latest technological gadgets such as mobile phones and other devices. Is this a healthy development among young people? Give your opinion. You should write at least 350 words. In this modern world of ours, technological devices such as mobile phones and other gadgets are no longer foreign to us. Most of the young people today are treating these luxuries as a necessity as they compete to own the latest devices, leading to the adults’ questioning whether this is a healthy or an unhealthy development for youths today. In my own humble opinion, this issue will be a never-ending argument because it solely depends on the user itself to determine their purpose of using these devices. Thus in this essay, this issue can be discussed in terms of both healthy and unhealthy development and some recommendations. Firstly, with these newest devices, young people can access information wherever there are with just a touch of their fingers. This can help to expand their knowledge about the current issues of our world which will be a key role to take their mind to a higher level. They can also use these facilities to help them in their studies. All of these can help our country to produce more intellectual people which indeed is a healthy development by contributing to a more productive nation. In the old days, we had to do a lot of work and research in order to finish our school assignment, which is time consuming and tiring. Now we can obtain any information we need for our assignment without having the need to go to the library anymore. This can help the students to save more time for them to do other things. Furthermore, students can also increase their efficiency of work. The government also supports this by launching the ‘Wireless Village’ programme so that both rural and urban people can access the internet without having to subcribe to any internet packages. Overall, students can perform better and become more productive in their work, so this is certainly a healthy development. Moreover, young people that chase after these latest technological devices can help to strengthen the country’s commerce through the constant supply and demand of gadgets. This can help the government to focus more on developing this technology or subsidising companies in this industry as it can guarantee good profits. Besides, in line with the previous years’ budgets, the government is giving out ‘smart phone rebates’ to citizens above the age of 21. All of this can help to improve our economic level and lead to a more developed country, therefore another sign that it is a healthy development. On the other hand, this trend to own the latest technology devices could lead to a waste of money. Even though these devices are useful to us, but the fact is that most young people are chasing the latest devices regardless of cost. Mind the word ‘latest’ as they only want the latest edition that is being released in the market almost once per year for different brands such as Samsung and Sony. In order to keep up with the trend, these young people are willing to waste their money or more accurately their parents’ hard-earned money. Instead, they could use the money for better purposes like buying books or stationery. Furthermore, as time goes by, they might eventually become ungrateful for what they already have and keep nagging for new gadgets. This is unhealthy as it breeds materialism. In addition, if one did not have proper discipline within oneself while using these devices, one will easily become a victim to various addictions such as social networking and games. This can cause the young users to become distracted and greatly decrease their work efficiency. As for students, their performance at school might become affected. To add to the matter, young people can easily access inappropriate content such as porn and violent materials at a young age, unsupervised. All of this can retard their mind’s growth and become influenced by negative things. In the end, these devices become a bane to them instead of a boon to the development of society. Hence, for us to fully utilise the advantages of technology, I humble share some of my recommendations. Firstly, parents play a big role as they  spend the most time with their children thus they should watch strictly over their children’s usage of these devices per day by limiting it. Next, the government can work on preventing or blocking many harmful websites in our country so that young people have no access to it. In conclusion, I believe that in the end, it depends on the user itself whether to abuse or to use the devices to their disadvantage or advantage. We can draw an analogy from guns – used by the police it enforces the law; by a criminal it abets the crime. It would be illogical to put the gun in jail instead of the person who pulls the trigger. Similarly, it is we ourselves that click the mouse or swipe the screen of our gadget so we must use it responsibly to contribute towards a happier and healthier development in society today.

Borges and Bertolucci :: essays papers

Borges and Bertolucci There are a number of differences between Bernardo Bertolucci's movie "The Spider Stratagem" and the story on which it is based, Jorge Louis Borges' "The Theme of The Traitor and The Hero;" however, overall Bertolucci does a pretty accurate portrayal of the essence, at least, of Borges' story. Besides changing the "setting" of the plot, there is also much more information relayed in the movie. This is very much due to that the story is simply a suggestive piece, while the movie had to fill in all of the blanks. In the movie, Bertolucci had to add characters, motivations, and many vast details that are left out of the story. To begin with, Borges is very vague in his ideas on the semantics of his story. He begins filling in the details somewhat with the story taking place in Ireland†¦. But Borges himself says that this is simply, "(for narrative convenience)." (Borges 72) Borges then expands on his idea within an Irish backdrop†¦ Bertolucci keeps the story intact, and simply transplants it to Italy in the twentieth century. The names are all changed; but that is because Borges chose Irish names which would not work in the new setting. The entirety of Borges' story is written in vague possibilities of ideas. He uses "for example" a number of times throughout the story and only offers these examples to give the reader an idea†¦ not the actual plot. It is more the plot than the setting which concerns Borges†¦ and Bertolucci does exact Borges' plot with his movie. At the beginning of the story, Borges says that our narrator is writing an autobiography of his great-grandfather, the hero. However, in the movie, Bertolucci's narrator is summoned to his father (not great-grandfather)'s hometown by his father's ex-mistress. (Borges does not mention an "ex-mistress.") He has no interest in knowing about his father. It is only in concern of the health of this ex-mistress that he actually chooses to stay. (She has a propensity for fainting on cue.) It is for her that he actually undertakes the pursuit of the truth of who the traitor was that caused the death of his father, as opposed to in Borges' story where the narrator undertakes the truth for the purposes of his biography. Bertolucci had to take some artistic licenses with character motivations in order to make the movie's pace keep going.

“Imagining the Immigrant” by John J Savant Essay

A Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Imagining the Immigrant† by John J Savant According to the emeritus professor, John J Savant, imagination is centripetal, a discipline contemplation of reality that takes us beneath appearances and into the essence of what we contemplate.(374 ) In Savant’s essay, he was ,generally speaking, towards an audience to the people of our country and also the government. .The essay focuses on the importance of immigrant laws in guarding the right of immigrants in the United States. Savants successfully expresses his ideas and problems in this essay by using the rhetorical appeal of pathos, the call to the audience’s emotions, and to also gain support from the crowd and connect them to the issues he acknowledges on an emotional level. Savant effectively makes use of pathos throughout his introduction and captures the reader’s attention from the beginning by saying, â€Å"Great detectives, we are told, are able to think like criminals. Similarly, effective therapist learn to enter into the fantasies of their patients† (374), immediately appealing to â€Å"emotions†. He felt that most individuals can relate to his saying because it all has to do with our own imagination on how we think of certain things- being able to put themselves in someone else’s shoes. He mentions those stories about Eusebio and Marta who are living in poverty. Yet, mostly everyone knows there are real lawbreakers in our presence, and they are not alone. Savant overemphasized during this part of his essay, which makes his audience feel manipulated. He made no real argument; it was all based on his passion and imagination. The target audience is mainly towards the government and the people of our country. He wants the reader to think outside of the box, putting themselves in his/her shoes. â€Å"If we are not to betray the dream, we simply must imagine better† (375). At this point, his audience does not feel influenced, and he failed with where his argument was going. He wants his audience to imagine, imagine, Imagine, which makes it hard on the reader because he did not give enough argument as to why imagination in America is the cause of its downfall. John Savants purpose of this essay was to encourage the reader to be more open-minded when it comes to illegal immigrants. As a nation, he felt they should be able to balance the difference between moral and legal issues and to be able to come together in order to create something perfect. His purpose was to get them to understand, are they able to get past venerable logic to discover, grasp, promote morally required options, demanded in loving their neighbors. To sum up, Savant could have made his essay stronger than what it is. His argument was not strong enough in order for his audience to fully get where he is coming from. He over exaggerated in some parts of the essay making it seem like he wants them to feel sympathy. Savant was very big on imagination, not real life issues. He made no argument based on reality, historical situations, the economy, or even the government, it was all based on his own imagination and emotion.

Impact of Social Networking over the Society Essay

Over the past few years, internet has revolutionized the way we interact with people within a society. Due to the staggering number of cell phone usurers with the facility of internet, we are able to communicate with others in new ways with more efficiency. In the same time these fancy ways of communication put ourselves in a deceiving place where it can be very harmful for our self without we being noticed it. In this article summary I mentioned what scientist speculate as negative impacts of social networking on the society. It includes how our brains assimilate to highly addictive social sites, how we compromise our security over theses websites as well as changes of our normal behaviors due to theses web sites. According to † Is Social Networking Killing You? † by Robert Mackey, In The New York Times on February 25, 2009, Susan Greenfield, a professor of pharmacology at Oxford university and the director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, stated on a British newspaper that trend of social networking reminds her of † small babies need constant reassurance that they exists.† Been as a neuroscientist she concerns about the effects that this type of stimulations having on the brain. These technologies are driving the brain to state of a small child where buzzing noises and bright lights are a huge attraction. She expressed due to the great influence of high interaction rates with social networking sites as well as digital video games could be harmful to children’s mind. When a young brain is exposed to such conditions the brain itself starts to accustom to the influenced surroundings. For an example, social interactions conducted through screens are completely different from the real time spoken conversation. There for it is far less perilous. Even though it may not seem as an extreme issue, biologists have uncovered lack of face to face interaction could alter the way our genes work, upset immune responses, hormone levels, the function of arteries, and influence mental performance. It is not only posing health issues. It also jeopardize the personal privacy of certain individuals. Consumers of these websites think their privacy has been ensured by the high level of security settings but according to 2010 Northeastern University and Max Plank institute for software system study researchers created an algorithm to discover an individual’s personal attributes by examining the â€Å"Friends list on Facebook. † they were capable of inferring many personal traits of the certain individuals including their educational level, hometown who were chosen to conduct this experiment on. Further more BBC News reports that social networking sites create social isolation in to a certain extend over the internet. As people spend considerable time on social networking sites they are lead to a host of mental, psychological, emotional and physical problems including depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints. University of Illinois at Chicago school of Medicine animal study showed correlation between social isolation impaired brain hormones is more likely to conduct tremendous amount of stress, aggression, and mental issues on socially isolated people. Moreover there are some other aspects which can be considered as negative impacts of social networking on the society. Some people conclude by exposing to these sites more often would make youngsters with poor grammar usage, increase the risk of identity theft, decrease the productivity of the day, and provide a platform for cyber bulling which in some cases leads to suicidal behaviors. Work cited Mackey,Robert., (2009, February 24). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/is-social-networking-killing-you/

50 Productivity Tips to Boost Your Performance [Infographic]

50 Productivity Tips to Boost Your Performance [Infographic] It’s no secret that many people are not performing at their fullest potential. In a world full of entertainment and distractions around every corner, it’s difficult to perform at a level that is truly reflective of your skills and talent. But it’s important to find ways to counter this so you can be the best version of yourself. Here are 50 productivity tips to boost your performance and unlock your hidden potential. Â   [Source: Wrike]

Compound Words in Technological Contexts

Compound Words in Technological Contexts Compound Words in Technological Contexts Compound Words in Technological Contexts By Mark Nichol â€Å"Cell phone,† or cellphone? â€Å"Home page,† or homepage? â€Å"Touch screen,† or touchscreen? Should such compounds be open, or closed? We see them both ways, so it’s difficult to know how to treat them unless you use one simple test: Choose the form based on the context. The natural progression for styling compound words is open to closed, often (but not always) with a hyphenated form as an interim phase. No ruling body authorizes the transformation, and no pattern or logic regarding the time frame applies from one compound to another. Some compounds stubbornly resist closing (â€Å"real estate†) or cling to their hyphens (mind-set), but closure is almost invariably inevitable. Thus, for example, â€Å"sea water† at some arbitrary point transformed into seawater, with a transitional period in which both forms were commonly used, followed by preponderant use of the new form (though the old form nearly always persists to some extent). Technological terms are a special case, for various reasons, including that they are coined by technologically minded people, who are not necessarily concerned about adherence to grammatical norms, and that, in the case of programming vocabulary, the practical issue of having a single string of characters to enter into a program is integral. Therefore, compounds referring to technological devices and procedures are likely to begin life as closed compounds or to be adopted in technological contexts in closed form. And that’s the key to knowing how to treat them: In general-purpose publications, you’ll likely see â€Å"file name† and â€Å"screen saver† and â€Å"voice mail,† whereas in high-tech periodicals and on high-tech websites, you’ll probably find filename and screensaver and voicemail. (There are exceptions of course; note that on this site, I have reluctantly adopted website in place of â€Å"Web site,† and I have always preferred email to e-mail.) Consider your audience, and style technological terms as appropriate. And when in doubt, depending on the context in which you are writing or editing, consult mainstream or specialized publications for models. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mind45 Idioms with "Roll"

Study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Study Example The pursuit of innovation and efficiency led to operational excellence which was its competitive edge over rival companies. 2- Lincoln Electric’s vision was to be the world’s leading manufacturing company. The plan therefore was to produce high quality products at the lowest cost possible in order to transfer more value to its customer in terms of savings and to itself through increased sales volumes. The organization therefore adopted a flat structure to encourage communication and build trust between staff and other workers as well as guaranteeing job security in order for staff to be less resistant to change as need be. As a form of control the company used merit rating systems that analyzed individuals of four factors: dependability, quality, output, and ideas and cooperation. 3- James Lincoln believed that through competition and incentive every person could develop to his or her full potential (Fast and Berg 4). This assertion resembles the optimistic and positive view of workers advanced by McGregor’s Theory Y. Lincoln therefore believed that he had put in place the right environment (and cultural paradigm) that enabled workers be responsible, self-direct and be creative. Other policies that Lincoln instituted such as guaranteeing employment for workers and year-end bonuses pegged on merit ratings point towards Maslow’s theory. Guaranteeing employment allows workers to satisfy physiological needs and to some extent safety needs. The bonus incentives on the other hand allow workers to reach towards greater goals or to afford higher needs such as new car, home etc. which are esteem needs. 4- Belief in workers’ ability to self-manage; be creative; and institution of reward schemes that are not capped directly contributed to Lincoln’s dominating performance over its competitors for two reasons. Firstly, it kept staff motivated. Motivated staff increases productivity which increases returns. Secondly, employees stick around

History Final Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History Final - Scholarship Essay Example Nativism typically means "opposition to immigration" or efforts to lower the political or legal status of specific ethnic or cultural groups because they are considered hostile and alien. It marked politics in the mid-19th century United States because of the large inflows of immigrants from cultures that were markedly different from the pre-existing American culture. These efforts were based on fears that the immigrants will distort or spoil existing cultural values. Nativistic movements can allow cultural survival in situations where immigrants greatly outnumber the original inhabitants of a certain place. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln declaring the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863 (issued September 22, 1862), in the ten states that was named in the second order that was issued on January 1, 1863. The Proclamation provided the legal framework for the emancipation of nearly all four million slaves as the Union armies advanced, and committed the Union to ending slavery. However, the Proclamation did not make slavery illegal. Nevertheless, several slave states passed legislation prohibiting slavery, yet slavery continued to be legal in a few sates until December 18, 1865, when the Third Amendment was enacted. The Proclamation ended slavery and paved the way for the legislation of a law that prohibits slavery in all states. The Seneca Falls Convention The Seneca Falls Convention was an early and influential women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York from July 19 to July 20, 1948. It was a single step in the continuing efforts by women to gain for themselves a greater proportion of social, civil and moral rights. The push for women's suffrage first gained national prominence at this moment. By 1851, at the second National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts, the issue of women's right to vote had become a central tenet of the women's rights movement. John Brown John Brown, born on May 9, 1800, was an American abolitionist and folk hero who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry in 1859. His attempt at Harper's Ferry to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans electrified the nation. He was tried for treason against the state of Virginia, the murder of five proslavery Southerners, and inciting a slave insurrection and was subsequently hanged. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of the abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party. Historians agree that the Harper's Ferry raid escalated tensions and that a year later led to secession and the American Civil War. What were the major consequences of the Mexican War' How did it affect the politics in the United States in the long term' Mexico was forced to give up a vast territory, now the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, to the United States. The original settlers of the ceased land were left without a home; families were split in half; livelihoods

How sports affect children in a positive way Research Paper - 1

How sports affect children in a positive way - Research Paper Example It could be defiant, stubborn, hyperactive, short tempered, rude, disrespectful, liar, demanding, violent, lazy, or coward. It is not necessary that a child has all these negative attributes, but what ever he has, it is his inheritance. This inheritance depends on many factors. The parent from whom he is born, the environment in which he is brought up, the education he receives, the family, economic, social and religious conditions in which he grows. All these are the factors that are built into a child’s psyche and character. Every child therefore is an individual of its kind. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child in Article 29 states â€Å"the education of the child shall be directed to (a) the development of the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential. (d) The preparation of the child for responsible life in a free society, in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, national and religious groups and persons of indigenous origin;†[3] These clauses indirectly put responsibility on a State to promote sports for children because it is only through Sport that a child can have access and opportunity to understand, practice and build all these qualities. Any activity by a human being which requires physical exertion or skill and competition is usually identified as â€Å"sport†. It generates interest and enthusiasm in the person who does such activities. Even children with disabilities are encouraged to play sports. Sport is one thing that is not influenced by the character and individuality of a child. In fact, it is the children which are affected and influenced most by the sport. It is one of the most important things in recent times as Sports have changed in the children, their negative psyche in to the positive individuality. Many researches and studies have been conducted on the child

The Modern State and International Relations

The Modern State and International Relations Q2. What is the most significant feature of the modern state and how has it shaped international relations? The core of the early modern period to vast histories of sovereignty and state formation is a topic produced for some of the work done by the most influential political theorists of the past century. However an attempt of understanding the nature of political consciousness requires a historical understanding of the theoretical evolution of the modern state itself. This, in turn, requires an understanding of earlier state formations and ideologies that has influenced the evolution (Nelson, 2006). In this essay, I will discuss the topic of the modern state, its significant feature and how modern state has shaped international relations. In discussing the features, this essay aims to identify and define the term state, the components and key concepts of modern state, followed by the main significant feature and its impact towards the new era of international relations. The modern state is believed to have rises between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, and later spread to the rest of the world through conquest and colonialism. This ideal of modern state comprises of four defining characteristics that is territory, sovereignty (external and internal), legitimacy, and bureaucracy. Legitimacy can come in various forms, from traditional, to charismatic, to rational-legal, the latter of which requires a highly effective bureaucracy and some semblance of the rule of law. States uses the four aspects to provide their populations goods such as security, a legal system, and infrastructure. â€Å"Weak states† are those that cannot adequately provide these goods, and once a state has become so weak that it loses effective sovereignty over part of its territory, it may be called a â€Å"failed state† (or in extreme instances a â€Å"collapsed state†) The most definitive terms of state comes from the German political sociologist and economic historian Max Weber (1864–1920). Max Weber claims that â€Å"the state is human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory†. A starting-point for Weber, which contrasted with much earlier thinking, was that the state could not be defined in terms of its goals or functions, but had rather to be understood in terms of its distinctive means. Thus, he argued that â€Å"the state cannot be defined in terms of its ends. There is scarcely any task that some political association has not taken in hand, and there is no task that one could say has always been exclusive and peculiar to those associations which are designated as political ones. Ultimately, one can define the modern state only in terms of the specific means peculiar to it, as to every political association, namely, the use of physical force†. For Web er, the modern state was a particular form of the state which was itself, a particular form of a more general category of political associations. There are two more recent definitions of a state. The first is by a sociologist named Charles Tilly and the second is by the Nobel-laureate economist, Douglass North. Chares Tilly claims that states are â€Å"relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of which, more or less, successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence within a population inhabiting a large contiguous territory† (Tilly 1985, 170). Douglas North says that â€Å"a state is an organization with a comparative advantage in violence, extending over a geographic area whose boundaries are determined by its power to tax constituents† (North 1981, 21) There are two key concepts of the modern state The territorial state and the unitary sovereign will whereby the modern state project is aimed at replacing confused political order. Global spread of the idea of the nation-state Weber ‘the modern state is the result of a century’s long process of disarming non-state/private actors’. According to Charles Tilley, the state proved itself to be a superior. Modern state can also be associated with charter of the UN. A state is more than a government; that is clear. A state is the means of rule over a defined or sovereign territory. It is comprised of an executive, a bureaucracy, courts and other institutions. In a broad sense, any polity, any politically organised society, can be viewed as a state, and various criteria can be used to distinguish between different kinds of state. There are three components to the modern state comprises of territory, people and central government. Territory comprises of the element on which its other elements exist. People are every territorial unit that participates in international relations supports human life. Central government is the members of the state designated as its official representatives. States not only claim ultimate power within their realms (internal sovereignty), they also claim independence of one another (external sovereignty). Some of the significant features of modern state may be the dominant form of political authority and imagination today but it has taken many and specific forms across the world without completely removing or superseding older languages of power and public authority. According to Weber, the modern statemonopolizesthe means of legitimate physical violenceover awell-defined territory. Monopoly on force– has the right and ability to use violence, in legally defined instances, against members of society, or against other states. Legitimacy– its power is recognized by members of society and by other states as based on law and some form of justice. Territoriality– the state exists in a defined territory (which includes land, water and air) and exercises authority over the population of that territory. Changingconceptions of the modern stateinevitably provoke conflicting views of sovereignty. While some argue that the growing impact of cosmopolitan norms and transnationally-based governance are weakening state sovereignty, others claim that the concept is merely being redefined. Indeed, the latter group even includes proponents of global governance, who argue that state sovereignty can actually be strengthened rather than weakened by the transfer of power to the supranational level. Modernization has brought a series of indisputable benefits to people. Lower infant mortality rate, decreased death from starvation, eradication of some of the fatal diseases, more equal treatment of people with different backgrounds and incomes, and so on. To some, this is an indication of the potential of modernity, perhaps yet to be fully realized. In general, rational, scientific approach to problems and the pursuit of economic wealth seems still too many a reasonable way of understanding good socia l development. At the same time, there are a number of dark sides of modernity pointed out by sociologists and others. Technological development occurred not only in the medical and agricultural fields, but also in the military. Environmental problems comprise another category in the dark side of modernity. Pollution is perhaps the least controversial of these, but one may include decreasing biodiversity and climate change as results of development. The development of biotechnology and genetic engineering are creating what some consider sources of unknown risks. Besides these obvious incidents, many critics point out psychological and moral hazards of modern life alienation, feeling of rootlessness, loss of strong bonds and common values, hedonism, disenchantment of the world, and so on. Likewise, the loss of a generally agreed upon definitions of human dignity, human nature, and the resulting loss of value in human life have all been cited as the impact of a social process/civilization that reaps the fruits of growing privatization, subjectivism, reductionism, as well as a loss of traditional values and worldviews. All states use at least the threat of force to organize public life. The fact that dictatorships might more obviously use force should not hide the fact that state rule in democracies is based on the threat of force (and often the use of force). That states rule through the use of force does not mean that they are all powerful. This explains why North and Tilly only claim that states must have a â€Å"comparative advantage in violence† or have control â€Å"over the chief concentrated means of violence†. Nor does the state’s ability to use force necessarily mean that it can always enforce its will. All states tolerate some non-compliance. At some point, the marginal cost of enforcing laws becomes so great for any state that it prefers to allow some degree of non-compliance rather than spend more resources on improving law enforcement. Idealism is a classical theme of an unchanging and untrustworthy human nature, of anarchy in the international order, of ‘cold war’ as a semi-permanent state, of amorality in international affairs, of the security. The experience of the 1930s – above all, the rise of fascism and the descent into a second world war – dealt a severe blow to this liberal-minded progressivism and made space for what was to become the dominant paradigm in IR: realism and its second-generation progeny, neo-realism. At the heart of the realist approach is the insistence that we study the political world ‘as it actually is and as it ought to be in view of its intrinsic nature, rather than as people would like to see it’ (Morgenthau 1978: 15). For realists, both human nature and the character of international politics to which this gives rise are, in their essentials, timeless and unchanging. These characteristic claims of realism can be developed in terms of the eight key propositions which follow. States are the major actors in world affairs States behave as unitary actors States act rationally International anarchy is the principal force shaping the motives and actions of states States in anarchy are preoccupied with issues of power and security Morality is a radically qualified principle in international politics States are predisposed towards conflict and competition, and often fail to cooperate, even in the face of common interests International organizations have a marginal effect upon these prospects for inter-state cooperation However, critics of realism have never gone unchallenged. States are not the only major actors in world affairs Anarchy is constrained by forms of international cooperation Institutional arrangements may allow for much greater international cooperation than realism supposes International organizations may have a significant effect upon the prospects for inter-state cooperation States are not solely preoccupied with issues of military security Increasingly, international relations are about economic power Realism’ does not reflect ‘reality’ but one world-view (among many) in the service of particular interests In conclusion, while various states justify coercion in different ways, (through elections, through birth, through religion etc.), while they may use coercion for different purposes (to improve social welfare or to enrich themselves), and while their use of coercion may have different effects (higher levels of investment), it is also notable that such commonly-observed features of many modern societies as the nuclear family, slavery, gender roles, and nation states do not necessarily fit well with the idea of rational social organization in which components such as people are treated equally. While many of these features have been dissolving, histories seem to suggest those features may not be mere exceptions to the essential characteristics of modernization, but necessary parts of it. However, it is important to recognize that, although the nation-state has become by far the most predominant political entity in the world, there are still â€Å"stateless nations† like the Kurd s in Iraq and â€Å"diasporic nations† without a clearly identified homeland such as the Roma. As a result, nations and states remain distinct concepts even if they increasingly seem to occur together. References Ahmad, R.E., Eijaz, A., 2011, â€Å"Modern Sovereign State System is under Cloud in the Age of Globalization†, South Asian Studies – A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vl.26, No.2, pp.85-297 Clark, W.R., Golder, M., Golder, S.N., 2012, â€Å"Chapter 4: The Origins of the Modern State†, Principles of Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, pp1-66 Closson, S, Kolsto, P, Seymour, L.J.M., Caspersen, N, 2013, â€Å"Unrecognized States: The Strugge for Sovereignty in the Modern International System†, Nationalities Paper: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, Routledge Publishing, Vol.41, pp.1-9 Farr, J., 2005, â€Å"Point: The Westphalia Legacy and The Modern Nation-State†, International Social Science Review, Vol. 80, Issue 3/4, pp.156-159 Mann, M, 1993,â€Å"A Theory of The Modern State†, The Sources of Social Power Volume 2, The Rise of Classes and Nation States 1760-1914, Cambridge University Press, Vol.2, pp.44-89 Morris, C.W, â€Å"The Modern State†, Handbook of Political Theory, Sage Publications, pp.1-16 Nelson, B.R, 2006, â€Å"State and Ideology† The Making of the Modern State – a Theoretical Evolution, Palgrave Macmillan, pp.1-177 Netzloff, M., 2014, â€Å"The State and Early Modernity†, Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, University of Pennsylvania Press, Vol. 14, No.1, pp.149-154. Pierson, C, 1996, â€Å"The Modern State: The Second Edition†, Routledge Taylor Francis Group, pp.1-206 Sidaway, J.D., 2013, â€Å"The Topology of Sovereignty†, Geopolitics, Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Vol.18, No.4, pp.961-966 Chapter 3: The Modern State, http://www.chsbs.cmich.edu/fattah/courses/introPolSc/ch03state.htm Introducing Comparative Politics: The Modern State, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/drogusorvis/Home/chapter2.aspx The Problem with Sovereignty: The Modern States Collision with the International Law Movement, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Special-Feature/Detail/?id=135613contextid774=135613contextid775=135611 1