China Airlines Marketing Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2083 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Marketing Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: China Essay Marketing Strategy Essay Did you like this example? Marketing Strategy China Airlines on Guam CASE SYNOPSIS: This is a case study about how a foreign carrier, China Airlines, adapts it strategy competing in the Guam-based airline industry. The case traces the company’s history on Guam from setting up its regular flight schedule between Guam and Taipei, through a pricing competition with its main competitor Continental Micronesia, to today where it occupies the sole market share of flights between these locations. In addition, the study explains China Airlines approach to its customers through partnerships with hotels and tourism companies in both Taiwan and on Guam; how this business has been affected by immigration regulations; and how it has become a successful carrier on Guam, in spite of failing to reach its initial goal for even being on Guam. Business Background on Guam China Airlines is a foreign aviation corporation with headquarters in Taipei Taiwan. Before 2000, China Airlines only flew charter flights to G uam, with the market here being limited by the requirement that Taiwanese hold American visas to enter Guam. These charter flights, or irregularly scheduled flights specially arranged according to the needs of customers, were more expensive than normal flights, and were held at peak travel times, such as Chinese New Year (which usually is in January or February and lasts about fifteen days), a golden travel time period throughout Asia. In March 2000, the United States passed a visa waiver policy, allowing Taiwanese to come to Guam directly from Taiwan with only a Taiwanese passport and a Taiwanese identification card. The stay period was only valid for 15 days. With this policy in place, more Taiwanese came to Guam for vacation. With this growing tourist market in mind, China Airlines set up regularly scheduled flights between Taipei and Guam twice a week with a capacity of about 150 passengers per flight. When China Airlines began regular flights, its goal was to develop its market in the whole Micronesia area, targeting Guam as its hub to fly to the surrounding islands, and keeping flight capacity small, as the airports around these islands did not ave the infrastructure that would allow large planes to land. However, its main competitor on Guam, Continental Micronesia Airlines, had established a presence in the Micronesia area from the 1970s onward, making it difficult for China Airlines to open flight routes throughout the region. The way China Airlines operated its business was to contract with a global ground aircraft service group named Aircraft International Service Group, which does airplane maintenance, aircraft cleaning service, refueling and passenger check-in. In such a way, China Airlines did not need to recruit an entire team to Guam, thus keeping its operational costs low and allowing it to compete with Continental Micronesia, which also had regular flights between Taipei and Guam. A pricing competition between China Airlines and Conti nental Airlines lasted for about five years to capture the largest share of the Guam market. Both airlines tried to lower their ticket prices to keep their flight routes. As a result, neither of the airlines could make a profit from these flights since they targeted the same group of customers. As a corporation, Continental Micronesia had to give up the market when it could not make a profit anymore according to current chief executive officer of Continental Micronesia Charlie Duncan. Thus Continental terminated its regular flights between Taipei and Guam in October 2005, according to Pacific News Daily. To force Continental Micronesia to terminate its three times weekly regular flight routes between Taipei would be China Airlines’ first marketing strategic achievement even though it lost money during the competition. But as the last airline standing after a pricing competition, they had more pricing flexibility. Sometimes China Airlines is able to sell tickets from Gua m to Taiwan at a cost almost equal to a flight from the United States to Taiwan. Business Development China Airlines maintains its success by working with tourist agents, which are the biggest air tickets resource for both passengers and airlines company since its vacationing passengers are usually looking for a package deal, to include hotel and air tickets, and even activities. Airline companies can do mass sales to the tourist agents at a lower price, but allowing it to maximize its profits in general. China Airlines works closely ith a lot of tourist agents both in Taiwan and Guam. According to China Airlines Guam Branch general manager Norman Wang, flight sales have to be balanced between an outbound and inbound market. When a flight comes in to Guam, which is an inbound flight, its outbound passengers have to reach a certain level of capacity. Otherwise, it will lose money if it flies back to Taiwan below its break-even level. In order to attract more tourist to come to Guam, China Airlines works closely with three tourist companies on Guam, which take care of the arrival passengers while the tourism companies in Taiwan do sales. Due to languages barriers, customer service at the arrival destination is necessary for most Taiwanese. Thus, these three companies are incorporated to take the passengers to check in at hotels and arrange activities as necessary. Regarding the outbound passengers, China Airlines made more effort to work with eleven local tourism companies on Guam since Taiwan is not a very popular tourism destination for local residents. Therefore, these eleven companies only focus on ticket sales or travel packages sales to local residents. Besides that, China Airlines cooperates with hotels directly through bundle packages — hotel plus air tickets — to attract more customers, since most customers want a cheaper rate for both hotel and air tickets. And they even introduced wedding destination catering and Certified Professi onal Accountant services to Taiwan. Through these partnership engagement activities, China Airlines had been doing well after Continental was out of the competition. Moreover, Guam Visitors Bureau was making an effort to promote Guam in Taiwan, starting around 2007, which did help to get more awareness of Guam as a tourism destination in Taiwan. For a while, it was hard for Guam residents to get a ticket to Taiwan, especially local Taiwanese. China Airlines noticed the demand of tickets from the Guam end, and that Guam also increased its awareness in Taiwan. In order to ensure its market is ready for expansion; China Airlines conducted marketing research on both areas through working with tourist agents and local government agencies, as well. Tourist agents from both places indicated that there would be an increased trend in the near future and they were capable to help to increase sales in order to expand the market share. After several conversations between the governments o f both areas, they encouraged and supported China Airlines’ expansion challenge. As a result, China Airlines decided to change its 150 passengers capacity airplane to 300 seats per plane in September 2008, while maintaining a twice-a-week schedule. Larger capacity flights were the second achievement for China Airlines. Since then, China Airlines has maintained a schedule of twice weekly flights at a 300- seat capacity. During busy seasons (Chinese New Year and summer time), it adds more flights temporarily. Business failures Replacement of smaller capacity planes was only one of the methods China Airlines used to increase its market shares and profit margins. China Airlines also tried to increase the frequency of its flights per week in 2008. Its original schedule was only Tuesday and Saturday from Taiwan, and then they changed the schedule to be Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday by adding two more flights a week. When they increased flights, they promoted six days-five nights or five days-four nights bundle packages, hoping to give customers more convenient options. However, it turned out to be a failure due to customer behavior changes (or group pattern change). The passengers either stayed longer or shorter, as a result, all the passengers chose the same flight while leave the other two schedules more vacant. In the end, they changed the flight schedule back to its twice-weekly schedule. Another way to increase market share is to explore potential markets. China Airlines never forgot its main goal on Guam, which was to set up Guam as a hub to the Micronesian region. Saipan to Guam and Rota to Guam routes are operated by Cape Airlines, which forged a partnership with Continental Micronesia. China Airlines tried to explore ways to incorporate with Continental Micronesia based on the model of Cape Airlines and Continental Micronesia. However, China Airlines was turned down. Uncertain opportunity A lot of business people are looking at the mi litary buildup on Guam as an opportunity. As for China Airlines, according to Wang, they are not sure if this is going to favor them since the military buildup has been delayed. He explained that first of all, the military are not going to Taiwan for travel: whenever they have a vacation, they will choose to go home first. And if they want to travel around Asia, Taiwan is usually the last destination they consider, he said. The only possible benefit the military buildup may offer to China Airlines is that it may attract more business investors to come to Guam time to time to do business research while seeking a chance to set up business here. But if it is delayed longer, there will also be fewer investors coming to Guam. Future Challenges China Airlines is facing some challenges now. According to Wang, the Taiwanese population on Guam has decreased, and these are its main customers on Guam. In order to balance the inbound and outbound passengers, they need to make more of an e ffort to maintain or even increase Guam’s market share. But who they should target and how is still uncertain. China Airlines has tried hard to work with the community on Guam in order to get more public awareness. They have approached Naval Base Guam, Andersen Air Force Base, and the Chinese and Guam chambers of commerce, through social activities. But the result of these efforts is not appreciable. In addition, the United States extended its Taiwanese Visa Waiver stay period to 45 days in November 2009, which also allows them to visit the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands during the time. This policy reduces China Airlines’ business, instead of bringing in more customers. Wang explained that under the two-week stay policy, some frequent-flying businessmen could not complete their work in such a limited time period and had to buy another ticket to come in again. But now, they can save one trip at least. Moreover, even though China Airlines occupies th e market between these two destinations, its ticket prices are still expensive for the Taiwanese, who are the main customer resource to China Airlines. Thus it is challenge for China Airlines to set price to maximize profits. SWOT Analysis Strength: Today China Airlines is the only carrier with regular flights between Guam and Taiwan, which gives it more flexibility to set prices. Guam is an American territory with beaches, plus a visa waiver policy to Taiwan, thus attracting many Taiwanese tourists. Weakness: Guam to Taipei is the only flight route China Airlines has in the region, which limits its market shares and profits margins. Whenever China Airlines tries to increase flights schedule between these two destinations, overhead cost exceeds its profits, which limits China Airlines’ expansion. Moreover, with Continentals Micronesia pre-occupancy in Micronesia area, it makes it harder for China Airlines to expand its market. Meanwhile, Guam government needs to improve it s public facilities, such as public restrooms, which are locked sometimes, and public transportation, which does not provide comfortable seats or consistent schedules. Opportunity: China Airlines hopes the military buildup can bring more Taiwan investors to come to Guam while the investors will commute more frequently between these two destinations. Threat: Guam Visitors Bureau (GVB) usually has a certain of budget for promoting Guam in different countries. Currently, GVB has allocated more of its budget to promote Guam in China and is focusing efforts there. Thus, GVB will decrease its budget to promote Guam in Taiwan. As a result, it affects China Airlines business directly. Overall, China Airlines made profits between these two destinations even though they failed to expand its market shares in the Micronesia area. However, China Airlines has successfully adjusted its marketing strategies based on its competitors, market demands and political elements between these two dest inations. Even though China Airlines is a leader between these two places, they still try to seek more opportunities to realize its initial goal on Guam. Reference Daleno, G. (September 17, 2005). Taiwan flights to be cut, Retrieved on October 26, 2010 from Pacific Daily News Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "China Airlines Marketing Strategy" essay for you Create order

The Importance Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1054 Words

The civil rights movement come into being in the middle of the twentieth century. The push came from African Americans who did not get the same rights as the whites such as equal access to public amenities, equal chances in education, job recruitment and housing, the right to vote and freedom from racial discrimination. The movement was fighting to bring back the right of citizenship to the African Americans after its erosion by segregationist jim crow law. It further led to the reemergence of the judiciary as a defender of personal liberties against the power of the majority. Over time, the movement benefits not only the African Americans but also women, the disabled and other needy groups. Rosa Parks, a secretary to the national†¦show more content†¦She went ahead to develop Citizenship schools as a strategy in motivating southern blacks by conducting rallies for registration of voters and literacy. The schools primary achievement was training more than twenty-five thousand people and registration of black voters in the South. Pauli Murray could not get admission in the University of North Carolina and Harvard because she was an African American female. Consequently, obtained an arrest for going against the bus seating arrangements where blacks sat separately from the whites. Murray was among the organizers of the pure blacks march on of the Washington Movement. During her years as a law student, she was a participant in the debate for the Brown decision. In addition to that, history attributes her to developing the constitutional argument to educate activists on peaceful civil defiance to complain about Jim Crow practices. 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Application of System Dynamics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Application of System Dynamics. Answer: Introduction: The health department system works with various doctors, nurses and staffs working for providing healthcare services and advices to the customer. The increase in the number of patients and frequency of services has made the services more complex and critical to accommodate in the existing location. Due to the smaller size of the exiting location, the healthcare services were not able to provide efficiently treatments to the increased patient base. The waiting time of the patients has increased significantly. Therefore, moving to a new location with greater space would allow the healthcare services department to hire and accommodate more employees for treating more patients within less time. The project revolves around the relocation of the staffs and health information service department to a new location. Therefore, the relocation of the health information services relocated the services, information system, personnel to a new location for enhancing the effectiveness of the health i nformation services. Stakeholders are identified as the group of persons that are directly or indirectly involved with the relocation of the healthcare information service department to a new location. In this project, the major stakeholders includes the authorities of healthcare department, the patients, doctors, nurses, project manager, architect, interior designer, staffs, and electricians. The Responsibility Matrix WBS Activity Name authorities of healthcare department project manager architect interior designer staffs electricians 1 start project 2 project initiation phase 2.1 meeting with the client A R 2.2 identify the relocation requirement A R 2.3 project charter 2.3.1 develop project charter R 2.3.2 obtain approval of the client A R 3 project planning phase 3.1 develop planning for relocating the department I R C 3.2 develop the project budget I R 3.3 develop plan for completing the relocation I R C I 3.4 procure the project A R 3.5 new location plan 3.5.1 determine the patient base A R 3.5.2 identify the physical structure of the new site C R 3.5.3 select new office location 3.5.4 lease the new location A R 3.5.5 obtain agreement A R 3.5.6 develop architectural design C R 4 project execution phase 4.1 develop the architectural module 4.1.1 develop space for office C R 4.1.2 cubicles C R 4.1.3 receptions C R 4.1.4 medical rooms C R 4.2 complete interior design C R 4.3 include medical equipment C I R 4.4 implement cabling C C I R 4.5 electrical services C C I R 4.6 telephone services C C I R 4.7 packing from the existing location I C R 4.8 unpacking to the new location I C R 4.9 finalize the relocation date C R I I I I 5 project closure phase 5.1 inform the employees R 5.2 inform the customers R 5.3 open the new location of the health department A R 5.4 sign off of the team members C R 6 stop project R In the above table, R = Responsible, A = Accountable, C = Consulted, I = Informed For the relocation of the healthcare information service department, the cost, quality, scope and time has been considered as the major constraints. The relocation of the department needs to ensure all the scope has been completed within the allocated time and budget while ensuring the quality and standard of the project. The following are the assumptions developed for the relocation of the health information service department are illustrated in the section below: The relocation of the department needs to completed within the allocated time of 2.5 months; The data from the existing location of the department has already been backed up by the employees; The healthcare authorities have provided with the financial amount required for the relocation of the department to the new location; Communication Plan Who What Why When How Authorities Of Healthcare Department Approving and reviewing the project plan and relocation. Modification in the plan regarding the budget and schedule Once a week Formal meeting Project Manager Developing the project budget, schedule, cost and managing the progress. Issues faced during the relocation of the department Whenever required Verbal communication, meetings emails and telephone Architect Developing the renovation plan and architecture of the new location. Changes or modification of the architectural design of the new location. Whenever required Verbal communication, meetings emails and telephone Interior Designer Developing the design for the rooms, cubicles and interior design of the new location. Changes or issue faced regarding the developer of the interior design. During the implementation phase Verbal communication, meetings emails and telephone Staffs Carrying out the relocation staffs and completing the relocation. For informing about any changes required during the project. Once a day Verbal communication, and meetings Electricians Providing the electrical connection and telephonic line in the new building location. Informing about any modification and changes made in the plan. Whenever required Verbal communication, meetings and telephone For measuring the success of the relocation of the health information service department, the following criteria need to be measured and obtained: The opening of the new location has been done on the scheduled data; The project has successfully relocated the medical equipments from the existing location to the new one; The relocation of the project has been completed within the allocated time and budget provided; A Breakdown of the Activity (WBS) WBS Task Name Start Date End Date Resource Duration Dependencies 1 start project 08/21/17 08/21/17 0 2 project initiation phase 08/21/17 08/28/17 6d 2.1 meeting with the client 08/21/17 08/21/17 Project Manager 1d 1 2.2 identify the relocation requirement 08/22/17 08/23/17 Project Manager 2d 3 2.3 project charter 08/24/17 08/28/17 3d 2.3.1 develop project charter 08/24/17 08/25/17 Project Manager 2d 4 2.3.2 obtain approval of the client 08/28/17 08/28/17 Project Manager 1d 6 3 project planning phase 08/29/17 09/14/17 13d 3.1 develop planning for relocating the department 08/29/17 08/31/17 Project Manager 3d 7 3.2 develop the project budget 08/29/17 08/29/17 Project Manager 1d 7 3.3 develop plan for completing the relocation 08/29/17 09/01/17 Project Manager 4d 7 3.4 procure the project 09/04/17 09/04/17 Project Manager 1d 9, 10, 11 3.5 new location plan 09/05/17 09/14/17 8d 3.5.1 determine the patient base 09/05/17 09/05/17 Project Manager 1d 12 3.5.2 identify the physical structure of the new site 09/05/17 09/06/17 architect 2d 12 3.5.3 select new office location 09/07/17 09/11/17 3d 3.5.4 lease the new location 09/07/17 09/08/17 Project Manager 2d 14, 15 3.5.5 obtain agreement 09/11/17 09/11/17 Project Manager 1d 17 3.5.6 develop architectural design 09/12/17 09/14/17 architect 3d 18 4 project execution phase 09/15/17 10/23/17 27d 4.1 develop the architectural module 09/15/17 09/27/17 9d 4.1.1 develop space for office 09/15/17 09/25/17 architect 7d 19 4.1.2 cubicles 09/15/17 09/20/17 architect 4d 19 4.1.3 receptions 09/15/17 09/21/17 architect 5d 19 4.1.4 medical rooms 09/15/17 09/27/17 architect 9d 19 4.2 complete interior design 09/28/17 10/05/17 interior designer 6d 22, 23, 24, 25 4.3 include medical equipment 10/06/17 10/10/17 staffs 3d 26 4.4 implement cabling 10/11/17 10/12/17 Electricians 2d 27 4.5 electrical services 10/11/17 10/13/17 Electricians 3d 27 4.6 telephone services 10/11/17 10/11/17 Electricians 1d 27 4.7 packing from the existing location 10/16/17 10/17/17 staffs 2d 28, 29, 30 4.8 unpacking to the new location 10/18/17 10/20/17 staffs 3d 31 4.9 finalize the relocation date 10/23/17 10/23/17 Project Manager 1d 32 5 project closure phase 10/24/17 10/26/17 3d 5.1 inform the employees 10/24/17 10/24/17 Project Manager 1d 33 5.2 inform the customers 10/24/17 10/24/17 Project Manager 1d 33 5.3 open the new location of the health department 10/25/17 10/25/17 Project Manager 1d 35, 36 5.4 sign off of the team members 10/26/17 10/26/17 Project Manager 1d 37 6 stop project 10/26/17 10/26/17 Project Manager 0 38 Identify the Project Objectives The objectives of the relocation project are: To select an appropriate location for relocating the existing health information service department; To efficiently relocate the department to a new location; To select an appropriate location for relocating the health information services department; To select an appropriate date for opening the new date for reopening the health information system; To provide complete interior design of the new location; To inform the employees and customer about the new location of health information service department; To ensure packing and unpacking of the devices, equipments and other hardware from the existing location to the new location; The out-scope of the project includes: The transportation of the employees from the existing location to the new location is not included within the project; To clean up the existing departmental location is also out of scope of the project; List all Critical Project Deliverables The critical deliverables of the relocation of the health information service department includes the following: WBS Task Name 2 project initiation phase 2.1 meeting with the client 2.3 project charter 2.3.1 develop project charter 3.2 develop the project budget 3.4 procure the project 3.5.2 identify the physical structure of the new site 3.5.4 lease the new location 3.5.5 obtain agreement 3.5.6 develop architectural design 4.1.4 medical rooms 4.2 complete interior design 4.3 include medical equipment 4.5 electrical services 4.7 packing from the existing location 4.8 unpacking to the new location 4.9 finalize the relocation date 5.1 inform the employees 5.2 inform the customers 5.3 open the new location of the health department 5.4 sign off of the team members Risk Management Plan Risk Profile: In this section the potential risks that could occur during the project are identified and illustrated in the section below: Deadline Risk: The relocation of the department has been delayed due to unavailability of appropriate location for shifting. Budget Risk: The relocation activities and the selection of the appropriate new location for the department have exceeded the budget allocated by the authorities. Quality Risk: The relocation activities failed to relocate the hardware and medical element from the existing location to the new locations. In addition to that, the new location fails to provide detailed space required for health information service department. Personnel Risk: The staffs or electricians fail to work in the project due to significant health issues. This has delayed the recollection project. Security Issues: During the relocation of the all the files, documents and computers from the existing location to the new locations, the files and patients information were lost and misplaced. Risk Id Risk Risk Impact Likelihood of Risk Reference cell R1 Deadline Risk Lost Time Likely C3 R2 Budget Risk Major Moderate B4 R3 Quality Risk Major Unlikely A4 R4 Personnel Risk Trivial Moderate B1 R5 Security Issues Major Moderate B4 Mechanism of Risk Control: The contingency plan developed for each of the identified risk for the relocation of the healthcare information service department is illustrated in the section below: Deadline Risk: The project manager and the authorities of thee healthcare information service department needs to conduct a preliminary study about the location that would be most suitable for relocation. Budget Risk: The project manager needs to review the plan and concern with the healthcare authorizes before approving the location and leasing the selected new location with high budget. Quality Risk: The project manager needs to review the existing department and evaluate the operation followed by the healthcare information service department. In addition to that, the project plan should be reviewed and approved the authorities of the department for ensuring the quality. Personnel Risk: Before hiring the personnel for the relocation to the new location, the project manager needs to ensure the availability of the personnel during the required work for the project. Security Issue: The project manager needs to recover all the files and reenter all the medial information of the patients for the database and computers installed in the new location. The control strategy for the identified risks has been illustrated in the section below: Deadline Risk: The remaining activities need to be rescheduled within the remaining time for completing the relocation within allocated time. Budget Risk: The remaining activities for the relocation need to be developed within the remaining budget for the project. Quality Risk: The project manager needs to change and modify the plan, interior design and architecture of the new location based on the requirement of the department. Personnel Risk: The project manager needs to hire new personnel for ensuring the progress of the relocation project and to complete the project within deadline. Security Risks: The project manager and the authorities of the healthcare organization need to inform the employees to back up their personal data from the computers. Further before packing up the data from the existing location, high caution needs to be taken while backing up the database. Risk Management Template Risk Id Risk Risk Impact Likelihood of Risk Severity of Consequences Level of Risk Mitigation Contingency Plan Risk Owner Date Logged Date of review R1 Deadline Risk: The relocation of the department has been delayed due to unavailability of appropriate location for shifting. Lost Time Likely High Medium The remaining activities need to be rescheduled within the remaining time for completing the relocation within allocated time. The project manager and the authorities of thee healthcare information service department needs to conduct a preliminary study about the location that would be most suitable for relocation. Project Manager 9/7/2017 9/08/2017 R2 Budget Risk: The relocation activities and the selection of the appropriate new location for the department have exceeded the budget allocated by the authorities. Major Moderate High Medium The remaining activities for the relocation need to be developed within the remaining budget for the project. The project manager needs to review the plan and concern with the healthcare authorizes before approving the location and leasing the selected new location with high budget. Project Manager 9/12/2017 9/13/2017 R3 Quality Risk: The relocation activities failed to relocate the hardware and medical element from the existing location to the new locations. In addition to that, the new location fails to provide detailed space required for health information service department. Major Unlikely Low Low The project manager needs to change and modify the plan, interior design and architecture of the new location based on the requirement of the department. The project manager needs to review the existing department and evaluate the operation followed by the healthcare information service department. In addition to that, the project plan should be reviewed and approved the authorities of the department for ensuring the quality. Project Manager 9/15/2017 9/15/2017 R4 Personnel Risk: The staffs or electricians fail to work in the project due to significant health issues. This has delayed the recollection project. Trivial Moderate Low Low The project manager needs to hire new personnel for ensuring the progress of the relocation project and to complete the project within deadline. Before hiring the personnel for the relocation to the new location, the project manager needs to ensure the availability of the personnel during the required work for the project. Project Manager 9/25/2017 9/26/2017 R5 Security Issues: During the relocation of the all the files, documents and computers from the existing location to the new locations, the files and patients information were lost and misplaced. Major Moderate High High The project manager needs to recover all the files and reenter all the medial information of the patients for the database and computers installed in the new location. The project manager and the authorities of the healthcare organization need to inform the employees to back up their personal data from the computers. Further before packing up the data from the existing location, high caution needs to be taken while backing up the database. Project Manager 10/12/2017 10/12/2017 Bibliography Bourdeau, S. and Barki, H., 2013. Toward a typological theory of information system project team management styles. In8th Pre-ICIS International Research Workshop on Information Technology Project Management (IRWITPM 2013)(p. 125). Bresnen, M., 2016. Institutional development, divergence and change in the discipline of project management.International journal of project management,34(2), pp.328-338. Chen, F., Nunamaker, J.F., Briggs, R.O., Corbitt, G., Sager, J. and Gardiner, S.C., 2014. An application of focus theory to project management processes.Group Decision and Negotiation,23(5), p.961. Conforto, E.C., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L., Di Felippo, A. and Kamikawachi, D.S.L., 2016. The agility construct on project management theory.International Journal of Project Management,34(4), pp.660-674. Eskerod, P., Huemann, M. and Ringhofer, C., 2015. Stakeholder inclusiveness: Enriching project management with general stakeholder theory.Project Management Journal,46(6), pp.42-53. Flyvbjerg, B., 2013. Quality control and due diligence in project management: Getting decisions right by taking the outside view. International Journal of Project Management, 31(5), pp.760-774. Ford, D.N. and Lyneis, J.M., 2013. The Application of System Dynamics to Project ManagementIntroduction to the Virtual Issue of System Dynamics Review. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), pp.794-803. Midler, C., Killen, C.P. and Kock, A., 2016. Project and Innovation Management: Bridging Contemporary Trends in Theory and Practice.Project Management Journal,47(2), pp.3-7. Niknazar, P. and Bourgault, M., 2017. Theories for classification vs. classification as theory: Implications of classification and typology for the development of project management theories.International Journal of Project Management,35(2), pp.191-203. Pitsis, T.S., Sankaran, S., Gudergan, S. and Clegg, S.R., 2014. Governing projects under complexity: theory and practice in project management.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1285-1290. Riol, H. and Thuillier, D., 2015. Project management for academic research projects: balancing sRisk Management Templatetructure and flexibility.International Journal of Project Organisation and Management,7(3), pp.251-269. Sderlund, J. and Mller, R., 2014. Project management and organization theory: IRNOP Meets PMJ.Project Management Journal,45(4), pp.2-6. Staley, M., 2016. Advancing the Theory and Practice of Engineering Project Management by addressing the issue of CPI Stability and Hidden Project Performance. Svejvig, P. and Andersen, P., 2015. Rethinking project management: A structured literature review with a critical look at the brave new world.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.278-290. Todorovi?, M.L., Petrovi?, D.?., Mihi?, M.M., Obradovi?, V.L. and Bushuyev, S.D., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management,33(4), pp.772-783. Too, E.G. and Weaver, P., 2014. The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1382-1394. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons.

Philadelphia Prejudice about Homosexuality

Philadelphia is one of those movies that can change human attitude to a certain situation, other people, and even the essence of this life. The problems, people with AIDS face in their every day life, prejudice against homosexuals and their style of life, and injustice that is so inherent to current political, economical, and social spheres are the major issues that are properly described in this movie and that open people’s eyes to all those minor problems, people may create to each other unwittingly. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philadelphia: Prejudice about Homosexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Joe Miller is one of the main characters in the movie Philadelphia, who proves how prejudiced people can be, and how significant their points of view may be for gay people, for establishing justice, and for development of feelings and qualities, which have to be inherent to any person. Joe Millerâ⠂¬â„¢s prejudice against homosexuals and people with AIDS is considered to be one of the major themes in the movie Philadelphia; the cooperation with Andrew Beckett, a HIV-diagnosed gay, makes Mr. Miller change his mind and believe that justice should not depend on the color of skin, sexual preferences, or health conditions, and the relations between people and different groups should not be prejudiced in order to achieve effective communication and collaboration. Philadelphia is the movie that touches upon numerous themes, and one of them is the development of the relations between two men with absolutely different interests and principles: one of them is Andrew Beckett, who had to defend own position and interests at the court, and Joe Miller, a brilliant lawyer and a homophobic man, who knows not much about AIDS but is still afraid of this disease. In fact, the causes of Joe Miller’s homophobia are not clear enough. From the very first meeting of Mr. Miller and Mr. Becket t, it becomes clear that Mr. Miller is a powerful lawyer, but his dislike and prejudice for gay people, who have HIV-positive, stands on his way in order to establish justice and help the person, who so loudly requires for help. Joe Miller thinks that Andrew is even craze a bit because he wants to prove his position and argue each person, who stands on his way. I find the words by Elliot Aronson rather appropriate for the movie under consideration. â€Å"People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy† (Aronson 9). Human position in the society usually defines by his/her communication with other member of the same groups, his/her following the established rules, and his/her abilities to prove the chosen way of life. Joe Miller cannot accept the idea that a gay person, who has HIV positive, is going to argue with people with normal orientation and no health problems. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So, his prejudice confuses his for a while and makes him see how injustice and unfair other people’s attitude to an ill gay may be in every day life. This is why Joe decides to forget about his principles concerning gay people with HIV/AIDS and put the idea of justice and the idea of right attitude to each citizen on the first place. Communication with Andrew Beckett, who is dying because of AIDS, changes Joe Miller’s attitude to numerous things. On my opinion, only some slight changes inside of Joe Miller concerning the issue of homosexuality take place. Andrew opens his eye to certain things and proves that gay people do not actually differ from the others and even have more captivating attitude to some things: Can you hear the heartache in her voice? Can you feel it, Joe? In come the strings, and it changes everything. The music fills with a hope, and that’ll change again. Listen†¦listen†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I bring sorrow to t hose who love me.† Oh, that single cello! â€Å"It was during this sorrow that love came to me.† A voice filled with harmony. It says, â€Å"Live still, I am life.† Heaven is in your eyes. Is everything around you just the blood and mud? I am divine. I am oblivion. I am the god†¦ that comes down from the heavens, and makes of the Earth a heaven. I am love!†¦ I am love. (Demme 1993) Andrew comprehends that Joe is eager to protect everything that does not contradict the law, and being homosexual is not out of law, this is why everybody has to respect Andrew’s choice and not to prevent his professional growth, and Joe is going to prove this. Somewhere inside, Joe realizes that his prejudice against gay people and his fear about HIV are so miserable and stupid that he has to be changed. For example, the experiments, conducted by Lauren Slater, prove that even gay people can be ashamed of personal desires and sexuality. â€Å"I felt in my body, the shame of being gay. Why couldn’t I like a girl?† (Slater 59). Lots of people have fear about personal desires, this is why it is quite comprehensible that people with non-traditional orientation may cause fear or doubts in people with normal orientation. Human life is closely connected to stereotypes, which are created by these humans. Philadelphia demonstrates how a stereotype of homosexuality and the inability to accept gay people as important and equal parts of society deprives a person, who is dying, of a chance to enjoy his last days but spend these days at the court and prove that he and his work has to be appreciated by the others. This movie has to be considered as a really powerful means to show and analyze the relations between people of the same group. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philadelphia: Prejudice about Homosexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Feelings of one person may be too influential for the other person, and if these feelings or ideas are wrong, it turns out to be very dangerous to share wrong thoughts and wrong feelings. According to Elliot Aronson, only public judgments make a person conform them (p.21). Joe’s life is full of such judgments, because he spends much time on public and tries to take into consideration both personal judgments and the judgments of other people. When he starts communicating with Andrew, he comprehends that prejudice, that is so inherent to this society, cannot leave him even in the article of death. Gay people cannot be accepted as equal parts as well as black people always feel a kind of pressure from the whites. Mr. Elliot underlines that the pressure to conform plays an important role in human lives, and if it is public, people have less chances to resist it. This movie represents one of the possible ways of how to eliminate prejudice and become closer to the problems, challenges, and misunderstandings of the minorities. Communication with the minorities turns out to be a good chance to learn deeper how it is difficult and offensive to take the side that is always argued by people and blamed for absolutely different things. Elliot Aronson offers to decrease the conformity that has unbelievable power on publicity by means of creation allies, demonstration of self-esteem, use of previous success, support of friends and relatives, and respect among the group. In the movie, prejudice is eliminated due to self-esteem that is demonstrated by Joe, support of family, when Joe’s wife reminds him about their roots and the problems, their relatives faced in the past, and the desire to obtain the truth. It is not enough for a person to know what is right and what is wrong. It becomes more important to prove the correctness of the chosen position and the chosen point of view. This is what Elliot Aronson tries to represent in his work, and this is what makes the movie under analysis m ore powerful and educative. The theory of cognitive dissonance is another peculiar point that has to be mentioned while analyzing the movie Philadelphia and the character of Joe Miller in particular. This theory implies the development of an uncomfortable feeling that is caused by presence of two absolutely different ideas within one person. Joe Miller always believes that gay people cannot bring something good to this world. â€Å"Call me old fashioned, call me conservative†¦ I think maybe you have to be a man to get just how nauseating the whole basic idea really is† (Demme 1993). Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He also has a fear of getting HIV by means of communicating with sick people. With time, Miller gets a chance to evaluate gays’ place in this world from the absolutely other perspective and regard them as one more minority just like his race belonging. Miller does not need too much time in order to comprehend that gays should have the same rights as people with normal orientation, because they are still people and deserve to achieve professional goals, earn money, and be an equal part of this world. Joe Miller from Philadelphia is a good example of how one person with certain authority can help a group of people to gain respect and recognition among society. Not every country appreciates homosexual movements, but still, it is wrong to deprive gay people of the opportunities, which are inherent to each person on this world. To comprehend better social psychology means to comprehend better each of its components and the impact of these components to each other. Philadelphia he lps to deepen my understanding of how ill or gay people are accepted by people, who do not have any problems with their health or who believe that their sexuality is ok. Relations between people and the groups, they live in, are not easy, and it is obligatory to study, analyze, and compare the attitude and the reaction of each human. It is useless to divide the abilities of one group of people at the expenses of the other group of people, because sooner or later, justice will find everyone. Works Cited Aronson, Elliot. The Social Animal. New York: Worth, 1999. Print. Philadelphia. Dir. Jonathan Demme. Perf. Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington. TriStar Pictures, 1993. Film. Slater, Lauren. Opening Skinner’s Box: Great Psychological Experiments of the Twentieth Century. New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company, Inc., 2004. Print. 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